研究数控铣床几何误差检测及其补偿技术,对高速数控铣床工作空间中的平面误差场的检测、建模和补偿技术进行了比较系统和深入的探讨。对几何误差的基本特性,在单轴轴向运用高精度的HEIDENHAIN直线光栅进行了试验验证。结果表明,在满足基本测试条件下,误差的基本特性成立,这为提供新的误差测量方法打下了基础;针对数控铣床运动过程中的反向间隙,提出了插补运动综合几何误差的间隙补偿技术和算法,数据处理后的测量结果显示反向间隙可以很好地得到补偿。

Generally, the geometric error of CNC milling machine has a great effect on the synthetical precision of a machine tool. In this paper, the measuring and compensating technologies of the geometric error of CNC milling machine were investigated. The measurement, model and compensation of the plane error field in the working space of high-speed CNC milling machine were discussed systematically. The basic feature of the geometric error was verified by using the high accuracy linear grating along the single axial direction experimentally. Following, the backlash compensation algorithm of the synthetical geometric error of interpolation movement and the evaluation system of position accuracy were proposed for the backlash during CNC milling machine processing. The result indicates that the basic feature of error is established and provides a basis for putting forward the new error measurement method under the essential measuring condition. The backlash could be well compensated.