糖酯通常由亲水的糖分子和亲油的脂肪酸分子组成,是一类非离子型生物表面活性剂,具有发泡力强,泡沫稳定等优良的性质,被广泛应用于医药、化妆品等多个行业,其合成方法主要有溶剂法、微乳化法、无溶剂法和酶催化法,但是传统的合成方法中通常采用不易回收的有毒溶剂,加大了产品后续分离和精制的难度,导致了其在食品等行业应用的限制,而离子液体作为一种新型的环境友好溶剂和液体酸催化剂,不仅无毒、具有可设计性,且易于回收,循环利用率较高,可以很好地解决这一问题。文中概述了离子液体的特点和类型,阐述了近年来在合成糖酯的溶剂法和酶法中,离子液体作为溶剂替代品的研究现状,并对其在应用中存在的优缺点做了一些说明,最后对其研究中存在的问题提出了一些看法,对其研究发展的方向进行了展望。

Sugar ester is a type of nonionic biologic surfactants, with many excellent properties, such as foaming and emulsification properties and is widely used in many fields. However, some poisonous organic solvents are usually used in the traditional synthesis of sugar esters, which makes it problematic for these esters to be applied in the food industry and other related fields. Ionic liquids, which can be used to solve the problem, are not only a kind of novel, environmental friendly and innoxious solvents, but also an interesting class of tunable and designed solvents. They have been used extensively in a wide range of applications. This paper summarizes the characteristics and the types of ionic liquids, and reviews the latest research progress of ionic liquids taking the place of solvents in the emulsification method and the enzyme catalyst method. Advantages and disadvantages are discussed. Some suggestions for the development of sugar ester are made and the prospects in the future are also commented.