平衡剖面技术是通过几何学原则,在垂直构造走向的剖面上将变形构造全部复原成合理的未变形状态的一种模拟技术。它可以对地层构造演化进行定量、半定量的分析解释,是构造演化定量分析的重要手段,在油气勘探、盆地模拟等领域得到广泛应用。本文介绍了平衡剖面技术的发展历程、基本概念、原理及模拟过程的限制条件;论述了平衡剖面校正的方法;着重阐述了平衡剖面正演和反演制作方法。提出了平衡剖面技术的不足:平衡剖面技术测出的缩短量和缩短率精度有待提高;三维模拟的制作过程比较繁琐;应将地层岩性展布考虑进去,并纳入沉积相;地层厚度的精准度对平衡剖面技术的准确性影响很大。随着对平衡剖面技术研究的深入以及计算机技术的发展,平衡剖面技术在构造变形剧烈,地震资料品质较差的地区将得到更广泛的应用。

The balanced section technique is a simulation technique about restoring deformation structure into original undeformation condition on the vertical structure, based on geometric conservation principle. It can quantitatively and semiquantitatively analyze the formation tectonic evolution, and access to a wide range of applications in the field of oil-gas exploration and basin modeling. The developing process, basic concept, principle and limiting conditions in simulating process of balanced section technique were introduced. The correcting methods of balanced section were discussed. The making methods of forward modeling and inverse modeling were emphatically elaborated. The insufficiency of the balanced section technique were presented: (1) The accuracy of shortening amount and shortening rate measured by the balanced section technique needs to be improved; (2) The production process of three-dimensional simulation is relatively complicated; (3) The spreading regularity of formation lithology sedimentary and facies should be taken into account; (4) The accuracy of the balanced section technique is largely influenced by the precision of the formation thickness. With deeper study on balanced section technique and the development of the computer technology, the balanced section technique is regarded as an effective method in particular area with violent structural deformation and poor seismic quality.