真菌是森林土壤生物量及微生物区系的重要组成部分,在土壤结构和质地的形成、肥力的提高及土壤微生物区系的平衡等方面发挥着非常重要的作用。本文通过现场采样,室内培养与观察、测定,对永胜县不同年龄麻疯树林地土壤真菌数量及种群进行比较分析。结果表明,不同年龄之间土壤真菌数量差异显著,表现为21—30a>11—20a>1—10a;土壤真菌具有明显的垂直分布差异,表现为10—15cm处最多,25—30cm处最少,这说明在10—15cm处根系分布密集、根系分泌物多、孔隙度高、水分充足,为其提供了丰富的营养和适宜的生存条件;3种麻疯树林地共分离和鉴定出20属真菌,其中假丝酵母属为3种不同年龄麻疯树林地土壤中的优势菌属,这对麻疯树的微生态形成和平衡起着重要作用,是麻疯树林土壤中的优势真菌种群。通过对真菌多样性指数的综合比较和分析,发现11—20a麻疯树林地分离获得的真菌菌群的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和均匀度比1—10a和21—30a的高,这可能与土壤肥力及林地健康状况有密切的关系。

The fungi are an important component to the biomass of the forest soil and microbial flora. Through scene sampling, indoor culturing, observing, and exterminating, soil fungi quantity's ecology distribution and fungi class group of three kinds of different age of Jatropha curcas L. forests in Yongsheng County is comparatively analyzed with the related soil nutrient's relations. The result indicates that the soil fungi quantity variance between the different age of forests is remarkable, appearing as the quantity in the years of 21 to 30 > in the years of 11 to 20 > in the years of 1 to 10. Soil fungi has a significant variance of vertical distribution, appearing as the most in the depth range of 10—15cm, and the least in the depth range of 25—30cm. The fact indicates that in the soil depth of 10—15cm, root distribution is densified, root exudation is massive, porosity is high, moisture is adequate, and it provides abundant nutrition and appropriate living conditions. Saccharomyces (Meyer) Reess is the dominant genus among the 20 genera of fungi isolated from soil in the three kinds of different growing stages of Jatropha curcas L. forests; it plays an important role in the microecological balance formation of the Jatropha curcas L., and they are the superior fungal flora. Through comprehensive comparison and analysis on the fungal diversity index, it is found that the Shannon-Wiener diversity index and evenness index of fungal flora isolated from the Jatropha curcas L.forest with the ages of 11 years to 20 years is higher than that from 1 year to 10 years and 21 years to 30 years, the fact might be closely related to soil fertility and forest health.