电动飞机是一种环保、节能、高效的新型航空器。为支持电动飞机发展，需要系统总结和分析电动飞机的设计方法和设计技术。首先，简要介绍了电动飞机的发展概况和技术进展，通过统计数据展示各类电动飞机性能提高的情况并说明其性能不足的方面。重点归纳和分析各类电动飞机的总体设计方法，包括太阳能、蓄电池(锂电池)、燃料电池及常规动力飞机平台改装的电动飞机，以及设计工具和设计支持系统。最后分析电动飞机的设计技术，包括气动力和总体布局、电动力系统、结构和材料等方面。

Electric aircraft is a new type of aircraft, with extraordinary advantages of environment friendly, high efficiency, energy saving etc., which may have important impact on the future development of aviation, and a good prospect. Design methodology and techniques of electric aircraft are outlined in this paper. A brief introduction of the electric aircraft development since the 1970's is given firstly, followed by an analysis of its performance through related data, and its shortcomings. Then the conceptual design methodology of different types of electric aircraft (solar powered, battery powered, fuel cell powered, retrofitted) is summarized and analyzed in detail, together with related design tools and support systems. Specific techniques of electric aircraft design, including the aerodymanic configuration and the general layout, the electric propulsion system, the structure and the materials, are discussed finally.