海上稠油油田的适度出砂开采技术需要一种有效的实时出砂监测系统用以监测出砂信号,目前使用的出砂声测法和ER法都存在不同的问题。声测法目前主要用于气井和稀油油井出砂检测中,而ER法则存在寿命短、监测延迟等问题。因此,提出了可以利用流体中的砂粒撞击管壁产生的振动信号作为出砂监测的新思路。为了验证这一方法的有效性,在实验室内建立了一套用于模拟油井出砂的实验装置,系统中主要采用压电式加速度传感器接受砂粒撞击的振动信号,后期采用滤波、放大等动态信号的处理方法来处理;实验中利用高粘度的齿轮油模拟稠油流体,用柱塞泵、加热搅拌器来实现油井生产的出砂状况。实验采用60目砂样石英砂粒,室温下粘度为130mPa·s的稠油,实验过程中温度从室温逐渐增加,每5℃一个点,到70℃,含砂量从无砂加到0.8%,实验过程中通过不断搅拌保持砂粒在流体中的悬浮和均匀。通过对采集到的数据进行功率谱分析,试验结果表明,将振动信号用于出砂监测有效性很好。

The moderate sand mining technology of heavy oil field needs one kind of effective real-time monitoring system for monitoring the signal of sand out. However, the existing measuring methods, such as acoustic method and electrical resistant method, all have different problems in the actual productions. To solve these problems, a proposal that the sand fluid impact wall vibrations signal could be used as a new way for sand out monitoring is offered. In order to verify the effectiveness of the approach, a simulation system of sand out from well has been established in the laboratory, the system accepts the vibration signals of sand impact by using the acceleration sensor, and the dynamic signal processing method is adopted to process the data. In order to make the experiments consistence with actual situations, the high viscosity of gear oil is used to simulate the heavy oil in the system, and piston pump and heating blender is used to realize the simulation of sand out from oil well production. The apparent vibration signal of sand out is able to receive by the system. Through the dynamic signal analysis method, the data is processed using power spectrum analysis. The system could effectively monitor the change of sand content as the sand content increasing, the variance value, mean square root value, power spectrum amplitude of sand vibration signal and characteristic value of signals will increase. By the means of processing data, the test indicates that using the vibration signal from sand for monitoring sand out has the good effectiveness.