氯化石蜡是一类具有持久性、生物毒性、生物富集性和长距离迁移性的有机污染物,普遍存在于环境当中。工业上氯化石蜡被广泛用于金属加工润滑液、密封胶添加剂、阻燃剂、聚氯乙烯增塑剂等。作为一类新型污染物,短链氯化石蜡已经被列入斯德哥尔摩公约持久性有机污染物审查范围内,并引起全球的关注。中国是全球氯化石蜡第一大生产国和出口国,但对氯化石蜡的环境研究还处于起步阶段。本文着重综述了国内外大气、土壤、水体、沉积物、生物体等不同环境介质中氯化石蜡的来源、归趋及浓度水平,并对国内氯化石蜡的研究前景进行展望。

As a class of persistent, toxic, and bioaccumulated compounds, the chlorinated paraffins (CPs) can undergo a long-range atmospheric transport and be routinely detected in the various environment matrices. They are applied widely in industries as additives in lubricants and metal-working fluids, as flame retardants in plastics and sealants, and as plasticizers in polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The CPs, especially, the short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs), which are under review by the Stockholm Convention, represent a potential 'new' category of POPs and have attracted the global concern. China is the largest producer and exporter of the CPs, but the environmental studies on the CPs are extremely scarce. The sources, the levels, the distributions, and the fate of the CPs in different environmental media are reviewed in this paper, as well as the research prospect of the CPs in China.