非叠氮类气体发生剂具有的含氮量高、燃速快、安定性良好、无毒、绿色环保等优点,使其成为气体发生剂领域的研究热点,并在汽车安全气囊、航天器、消防灭火等方面有着广泛的应用前景。本文对比叠氮类气体发生剂的性能,详细介绍了唑类、嗪类、胍类和偶氮类非叠氮气体发生剂的性质;全面系统地综述了上述各类非叠氮气体发生剂国内外合成、表征与应用的研究进展;重点分析了各类典型非叠氮气体发生剂的配方及性能参数,并探讨配方内不同组分对发生剂不同性能的影响,为进一步研发新型非叠氮类气体发生剂配方提供参考。经研究发现,同传统的叠氮类气体发生剂相比,虽然非叠氮类气体发生剂在产气量、燃速等性能方面有较大的提高,但因其存在价格昂贵等问题,目前仍然没有完全取代叠氮类气体发生剂。因此,在现有研究基础上,还需积极研发更加环保、无毒、高效、廉价和实用的非叠氮类气体发生剂。

The non-azide gas generating composition is a hot research topic due to its many features, such as high nitrogen content, fast burning rate, good stability, non-toxicity, and green environmental protection. It is widely applied in airbag, spacecraft, fire fighting and other fields. In this paper, compared with the traditional azide gas generating composition, the properties of azole, azine, guanidine and azoic gas generating compositions are analyzed in detail; the progresses in the synthesis, the characterization and the application are reviewed; the formulas and characteristic parameters are discussed. It is found that the non-azide gas generating composition has not completely replaced the traditional azide gas generating composition, despite its superior properties in many aspects, because of factors like the high price,the excessive heat of combustion, and the high temperature. Therefore it is necessary to develop a more environment friendly,, non-toxic, effective, cheaper and practical non-azide gas generating composition.