急倾斜坚硬厚煤层的开采方法是采矿技术所面临的难题之一。由于急倾斜坚硬厚煤层矿山压力显现不清楚,煤层顶板管理复杂,顶板事故多,回采率低等诸多因素的存在,使得矿井生产能力的提升及经济效益的提高受到束缚。兴泰煤矿二₁煤层具有煤质坚硬、倾角大、瓦斯高、煤层厚等显著特点。因此,提高坚硬顶煤的冒放性是兴泰煤矿放顶煤开采所面临的主要技术难题。本文在对坚硬顶煤破碎特点分析的基础上,结合兴泰煤矿二₁煤层工程地质条件,提出了提高二₁煤层坚硬顶煤冒放性的主要技术措施及三种预裂爆破方案。通过现场试验,成功的解决了二₁煤层坚硬顶煤难以放出的问题,取得了预期的效果。实现了急倾斜坚硬厚煤层放顶煤开采技术的突破,对中国急倾斜坚硬厚煤层的开采具有指导意义。

The mining of a sharply inclined hard thick coal seam is one of the difficult technical problems in the mining technology. In the sharply inclined hard thick coal seam, the mining pressure does not show clearly and the coal seam roof management is complex, in addition to roof accidents, low stopping rate and other factors, which makes the improvement of the mine production and the economic benefits very difficult. The Xingtai coal mine of second 1 coal seam has remarkable characteristics of hard coal, large dip angle of coal seam, high mashgas and thick seam. Thus, the main technical problems that the Xingtai Coal Mine has to face, are the improvement of hard top-coal caving characteristics. This paper, on the basis of analysis of the broken characteristics of hard top-coal, and combined with the coal seam's second 1 engineering geological conditions, suggests some major technical measures and three kinds of presplit blasting schemes of improving the two 1 coal seam hard top-coal caving characteristics. Through the field test, the problem that the two 1 coal seam hard top-coal is difficult to release is successfully solved, and the desired effect is achieved.