为了确定紫色土区玉米种植的容许有机复合肥的施肥量,本文利用以光合作用理论为基础的植物叶绿素荧光动力学原理,通过对不同有机复合肥施肥水平下,玉米幼苗株高、叶面积、叶片的光合速率及叶绿素荧光特性等生理生化特性进行研究,确定紫色土上种植玉米的有机复合肥的容许施肥量。结果表明,随着施肥水平的增加,株高、叶面积指数、气孔导度、净光合速率、胞间CO₂浓度、蒸腾速率、PSII最大光化学量子产量(Fv/Fm)随之递增;施肥量为0.75—1.49t/hm²(N-P₂O₅-K₂O=0.128-0.128-0.128—0.253-0.235-0.235t/hm²)时,玉米叶片面积指数较大、植株生长性状良好,光合速率较高,产量较高,并且能够满足玉米生长所需,保证玉米的光合作用正常进行。因此,0.75—1.49t/hm²(N-P₂O₅-K₂O=0.128-0.128-0.128—0.253-0.235-0.235t/hm²)的施肥量为容许施肥量。

The tolerable amount of organic compound fertilization for the corn on purple soil is determined by studying the physiological and biochemical features of maize based on the principle of chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics and photosynthesis. The physiological and biochemical indexes include plant height, leaf area, photosynthetic rate, and chlorophyll fluorescence of leaf. Results show that the plant height, leaf area index, stomata conductance, net photosynthetic rate, intercellular CO₂ concentration, transpiration rate, and maximum PSII photochemical quantum yield (Fv/Fm) are increased with the increase of the amount of fertilization. It is found that the fertilization amount ranged from 0.75 t/hm² to 1.49t/hm² (N-P₂O₅-K₂O=0.128-0.128-0.128—0.253-0.235-0.235t/hm²) is able to make a large leaf area, good growth performance, photosynthetic rate, and relatively high yield of corn and also make maize growing in the course of nature to maintain its normal photosynthesis. Therefore, the fertilization amount ranged from 0.75 t/hm² to 1.49t/hm² (N-P₂O₅-K₂O=0.128-0.128-0.128—0.253-0.235-0.235t/hm²)is the tolerable fertilization amount.