为了阐释支气管哮喘患者肠道菌群多样性及结构组成特征,探究肠道菌群与哮喘病的相互关系,以52例哮喘急性发作期患者及25例对照开展病例-对照研究.采集粪便样品,运用PCR-DGGE指纹图谱技术分析粪便菌总DNA,得到反映肠道微生物菌群结构特征的DNA指纹图谱.结果表明,哮喘个体样本的肠道菌DNA条带数量7—31条不等,平均只有17条;对照组样本个体的DNA条带数量14—36条不等,平均24条.哮喘患者肠道菌群的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数显著低于对照组(P＜0.0001).多变量统计分析表明,哮喘组肠道菌群结构组成显著区别于对照组,两组样本分类明显.两组内不同民族、性别间的差异无统计学意义.研究表明,哮喘患者的肠道菌群在分子水平上发生明显改变,多样性显著降低,肠道菌群结构改变与哮喘病有关;PCR-DGGE技术结合PCA、PLS-DA多变量统计分析手段具有预测性、先行性的优势,适用于菌群结构未知样品的研究.

In order to address the diversity and structure characteristics of gut microbiota in the patients with asthma and study the relationship between gut microbiota and asthma disease, a case-control study involving 52 asthma patients and 25 controls were conducted. Total DNA was extracted from fecal samples using PCR-DGGE, and DNA fingerprints were obtained. Based on the DGGE profile, from 7 to 31 bands, average 17 are observed in asthma patients, while the corresponding values are from 14 to 36, average 24 in controls. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index is significantly lower in asthma patients than that in controls (P＜0.0001). Combining with the analysis by using multivariate statistical methods, it is indicated that two groups of samples are obviously classified by the structure of gut microbiota. However, the different between two nationalities and genders have no statistical significance. The gut microbiota of asthma patient proceeds remarkably changes at the molecular level, the diversity of gut micobiota decreases. The results suggest that there is a relationship between gut microbiota structure changes and asthma disease. Furthermore, PCR-DGGE combining with PCA and PLS-DA has the predictive and initiative advantages in the research of microbiota structure unknown samples. Therefore, the study could provide a means for the research and prevention of asthma.