超高温钻井技术是高温地热发电的关键技术,钻井技术的突破将有力地促进中国深层高温地热发电产业快速发展。本文分析了高温地热钻井的主要技术难点,包括高温井控、超高温钻井液、高温固井与成井、高温钻井工具与仪器、高温井眼轨道测量与控制、高温条件下破岩效率等。针对这些难点,国内外形成的技术对策包括高温井钻井安全控制、抗高温固井水泥浆、抗高温井下工具、井眼轨道监测与控制、抗高温钻头技术与提高钻速等,最后简单叙述了肯尼亚深层超高温地热钻井实例。

Ultra high temperature drilling is the key technology of high temperature geothermal power generation, the breakthrough of which will enhance the development of the deep high-temperature geothermal power generation industry. We analyze the major technical problems of high temperature geothermal drilling, which include high-temperature well control, ultra high temperature drilling mud, high-temperature well cementing and completion, tools and instruments that suit for the high temperature condition, high temperature well trajectory measurements and control, rock-breaking efficiency in high temperature condition, and so on. As for those problems, the experts both at home and aboard have developed many technological responses, such as, the safety well control of the high temperature geothermal drilling, anti-high-temperature cement, anti-high-temperature down-hole tools, well trajectory monitor and control, anti-high-temperature drill bits and drilling rate, and so on. We also provide an example of the deep high-temperature geothermal drilling in Kenya at last.