黏度高、流动性差是制约稠油开采的主要问题,而解决的关键是降黏,本文研制和筛选出了适合稠油油藏开采的就地化学生热和催化复合体系.通过对生热体系进行正交试验,用极差分析法得出各因素对生热温度峰值影响的主次顺序;又通过对3种催化剂作用前后的原油进行了黏度和四组分测定,优选出适合稠油的催化降黏剂,并对优选出的催化剂作用后的原油进行了气相色谱分析.结果表明,影响生热温度峰值的因素的主次顺序依次是：反应物浓度、pH值、初始温度.4mol/L的NaNO₂/NH₄Cl溶液在60℃下可使反应液的温度提升150℃;油酸镍可作为稠油降黏催化剂,降黏率达80.3%,且使稠油中的胶质、沥青质含量分别下降,提高了饱和烃和芳香烃的含量.复合体系室内岩心模拟实验结果表明：交替段塞注入时,交替段塞的尺寸越小越好,0.1PV(孔隙体积)的交替段塞注入可提高驱油效率15.6%.

Heavy oil suffers poor fluidity and high viscidity, which poses the main challenge in its exploitation. The reduction of its viscosity is a key to solve this problem. A chemical thermal and catalysis system which is suitable for the heavy oil reservoir is developed. Based on the orthogonal experiment of NaNO₂/NH₄Cl, the order and the contribution rate of every experiment factor on the target index are determined by means of the range analysis and ANOVA analysis, respectively. By testing the oil before and after the reaction by three catalytic systems, a suitable type of catalytic systems is selected, and the oil after the reaction by the selected catalytic system is analyzed by the gas chromatography. It is found that the influences of different factors on the temperature peak are in the following order: the concentration > the value > the initial reaction temperature. The NaNO₂/NH₄Cl sample with concentration of 4mol/L can raise the sample temperature by 150℃ at the initial reaction temperature of 60℃; and the Oleic acid nickel is an effective heavy oil viscosity reducer, with a viscosity reduction rate of 80.3%, a significant decrease of the contents of asphaltenes and pectin and an increase of the contents of asphaltenes and saturated hydrocarbon. The laboratory physical simulations show that the smaller the size of the slug, the better is the result. When the size of the slug is 0.1 PV, the oil displacement efficiency can increase 15.6%.