月球是当前深空探索与开发的焦点。近年来，俄罗斯出台了围绕月球探索与开发的多项政策并制定了本国月球计划，以月球无人探测器为先遣，继而开展载人登月，最终实现月球基地永久驻留的发展路线日渐清晰。从战略规划、实施阶段、配套技术能力等方面，探讨了俄罗斯月球探索与开发计划，综合判断发现，俄罗斯是目前唯一一个针对月球基地做出明确建设规划的国家，并在有意愿参与国际合作月球轨道平台项目的同时，制定了本国月球轨道站计划且稳步推进相关技术开发工作，为俄罗斯未来在月球探索与开发领域可能率先取得重大突破奠定了基础。
The moon is the focus of the current deep space exploration and development. The Soviet Union had accumulated a rich experience in the lunar exploration and the manned flight, with abundant scientific research results. After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, Russia, constrained by its financial resources, has not launched a new lunar probe, but theoretical studies are not stopped. The "Principles of State Policies of the Russian Federation in the field of space activities up to 2030 and beyond" and the "Federal Space program for 2016-2025" were published. Russia uses the unmanned lunar probe to conduct the lunar exploration, and then carries out the manned lunar landing, and finally realizes the development path of a permanent lunar base. In future, Russia would take a pragmatic strategy of "two-legged walking", takes part in the international cooperation, and promotes the construction of the lunar orbital station and the lunar bases at the same time.
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