定向进化是在实验室环境中，在分子水平上模拟进化过程，得到具有期望特征的蛋白质的方法，目前已成为蛋白质设计改造的重要方法。定向进化不仅可以用于天然蛋白质的改造，也可以通过改造现有的酶，使其具有新的催化活性，从而构建人工酶。本文重点介绍工业生物催化、纳米酶设计和光催化3个方向的前沿成果，并讨论人工酶与定向进化领域存在的挑战和问题。
The directed evolution is a method to obtain proteins with desired traits by mimicking the evolution process at the molecular level in a lab environment. It is an important method for protein design and engineering. Apart from the engineering natural proteins, the directed evolution can be used to construct artificial enzymes by modifying the existing enzymes to have new catalytic activities. This paper reviews the recent studies of the industrial biocatalysis, the nanozyme design and the photocatalysis, as well as the challenges and the problems in the field of the directed evolution and the artificial enzyme.
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