以美国、中国、英国、德国、法国、日本、韩国这7个全球研发投入规模最大的国家为对象，分析了7个国家近10年来研发投入总量、投入强度、投入结构、经费来源和使用方向、研究人员数量等投入指标，对比7个国家论文数量、高被引论文数、学科规范化引文影响力、专利、知识技术密集型产业等有代表性的产出指标，以判断全球科技发展态势，找准中国科技发展方向。提出了进一步优化研发投入结构、提高基础研究投入、提升科技产出影响力、加大科技人才队伍建设力度等政策建议。

Science and technology are the primary productive forces and the decisive factors in our economic and social development and in winning international competition. With the increasingly fierce global competition in science and technology, increasing and optimizing national investment in science and technology research and development has become the common strategic orientation of the world's major powers. China's science and technology industry has developed rapidly, but compared with the requirements of building the world's science and technology power, shortcomings are still outstanding. Therefore it is of great significance to the construction of China's national science and technology innovation system to make an in-depth study of the trends of input and output of R&D in developed countries and to accurately judge the characteristics of China's science and technology R&D. This paper focuses on 7 countries with the largest R&D investment in the world and analyzes R&D amount, intensity and structure, sources of funding and directions of use, researcher numbers in these countries during the past 10 years, as well as the number of papers, number of highly cited papers, Category Normalized Citation Impact, patent, knowledge-technology-intensive industry and other representative output indicators. The purpose of the research is to judge the trend of global science and technology development and to find out the direction of China's science and technology development. Finally, the study proposes to optimize the structure of research and development investment, increase the investment in basic research, enhance the influence of output, and increase the strength of scientific and technological talent team building.