截至2021年2月，新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）疫情已经在全球近200个国家和地区造成超1亿人感染，累计超200万例死亡。各国政府、企业、民间组织和家庭个人，根据各自治理模式、经济机制、社会环境及生活方式，纷纷采取相应对策，减少病毒的传播和危害。回顾了人类历史上重大突发公共卫生事件，介绍了世界各国应对突发公共卫生事件的相关政策及评估体系；分析应对突发公共卫生事件的亚洲模式、欧美模式和中国模式特点；总结了应对COVID-19疫情政策建议与实施技术指标，内容涵盖公众保护与防疫、交通和旅行、信息跟踪和病毒检查、个人防护和隔离、经济资助和社会帮扶，包含5大指标及15个子要素的疫情应对政策评估体系。
As of February 2021, the COVID-19 epidemic outbreak has been spreading across nearly 200 countries, causing over 100 million people infected and over 2 million people dead. The governments, private businesses, non-profit organizations, families and individuals in different countries have implemented various policies and strategies to minimize COVID-19 impacts according to their governance mechanisms, economic structures, social systems, and lifestyles. This paper briefly reviews the major epidemics in human history and introduces policy responses to COVID-19 and effectiveness evaluations taken by individual countries. After analyzing policy responses and categorizing them into Asia mode, Western mode and China mode, we summarize a package of policy measures and implement standards, including public protection and epidemic prevention, transportation and travel management, information track and virus detection, personal prevention and quarantine, financial aid and social support. The effectiveness evaluation system comprises 5 indexes and 15 elements. This paper provides suggestions for decision makers and the general public in concerted efforts to overcome COVID-19 and facilitates growth of the community of shared future in public health.
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