随着军事人效能增强技术的发展，以及基因编程、人机结合，武器装备自我感知等技术在军事上的应用，各国军队面临一系列伦理、制度等方面的挑战和困难。在充分调研各国军事人效能增强发展现状基础上，综合分析其技术应用发展的背景，梳理了发展的现状，提出随着新兴技术的发展，尤其是基因编程技术的出现和应用，战士将不再作为独立的人类，而是作为作战系统的技术组成部分，全球需要尽早制定新的国际武装冲突法律体系，进一步关注增强型士兵的伦理问题，预见军队发展的平衡性及效能增强对人产生的长期影响。

With the development of military human efficiency enhancement technology and the emergence of soldiers'genetic programming, man-machine integration, self-perception of weapons and equipment and other technologies, military forces in various countries are facing a series of ethical, institutional and operational challenges and difficulties while improving their military capabilities. By fully investigating the current situation of military human effectiveness enhancement development in those countries, this paper comprehensively analyses the background of the application and development of military technology, combs the current status of its development, and points out that with the development of new technology and application of genetic programming technology, soldiers are no longer independent human beings but a technical component of the combat system. Therefore the world needs to formulate a new legal system as soon as possible to pay more attention to the ethical issues of enhanced soldiers and foresee the balance of military development and the long-term impact of enhanced effectiveness on human beings.