近年来，“卡脖子”技术问题在中国凸显，反映关键、底层、共性产业技术供给方面存在的问题，是中国创新体系的结构性缺陷。产业共性技术属于应用基础研究，同时又往往是多学科技术集成，需要长期积累和培育，而且存在一定的外部性和市场失灵现象。与发达国家不同，后发国家通过建设高质量的产业共性技术研究院，可以集中优势科创资源把产业关键共性技术“做”出来，架起打通创新体系中“死亡之谷”的桥梁，促进整个产业的技术升级，这是欠发达国家追赶超越必不可少的体系性能力，是新型举国体制的重要体现。“十四五”期间乃至未来相当长的一段时间，解决中国产业共性技术供给不足问题应该是实现国家科技自立自强的根本，更是国家战略科技力量关键所在。

In recent years, the bottleneck technology problems have become more and more in the high-tech industries of China. These problems suggest the serious problem of systematic defects in the innovation system of China. Industrial generic technologies belong to the fields of applied basic research, and they are always multidisciplinary technology integration. This kind of technologies needs to be accumulated and cultivated in a long-term. In the developing countries, it is very important to build many high quality research institutes of industrial generic technology, which should focus on the development of key generic technologies, and they will bridge "the valley of death" in the innovation system, promoting the technology upgrading of the regional industry.