把人类文明看作一个有机整体，根据其生产力和劳动力结构的发展水平和周期性，可以建立人类文明进程的周期表，简称文明周期表。把从人类诞生到21世纪末的人类文明进程的前沿过程分为4个发展周期16个发展阶段。其中，4个周期分别是原始文化、农业文明、工业文明和知识文明周期，每个周期都包括起步期、发展期、成熟期和过渡期4个阶段。文明周期表主要有3种排列方式，即简表、竖表和横表。在文明周期表中，从农业文明向工业文明、从农业经济向工业经济、从农业社会向工业社会的转变是第一次现代化，从工业文明向知识文明、从工业经济向知识经济、从工业社会向知识社会的转变是第二次现代化。
This paper briefly discusses the periodic table of the civilizations (PTOC) and relative theories. In light of the periodic table of the elements and if human civilization is considered as an integrated organism, then the PTOC can be formulated by using periodicity and development level of the productivity and labor structure of human civilization. The PTOC divides the frontier process of human civilization from the birth of humankind to the end of 21st century into 4 periods and 16 stages. The 4 periods are those of primitive culture, agricultural civilization, industrial civilization and knowledge civilization, respectively, with each period including four stages, i.e. starting, developing, maturing and transition stages. The PTOC has three formats, i.e. simple, vertical and horizontal tables. The first modernization witnesses the great changes and transformation from traditional agricultural to modern industrial civilization, economy and society, and then the second modernization from the modern industrial to the higher modern knowledge civilization, economy and society. The PTOC and new modernization theory present a new reference for the international comparative and development studies, as well as a set of brief tables for the people who concern human civilization and world modernization.
[1] 何传启. 第二次现代化:人类文明进程的启示[M]. 北京:高等教育出版社, 1999.
[2] 何传启. 东方复兴:现代化的三条道路[M]. 北京:商务印书馆, 2003.
[3] He C. Modernization science:The principles and methods of national advancement[M]. New York:Springer, 2012.
[4] 何传启. 第二次现代化理论:人类发展的世界前沿和科学逻辑[M]. 北京:科学出版社, 2013.
[5] He C. How to become a modernized country:China modernization report outlook(2001-2016)[M]. Beijing:Peking University Press, 2017.
[6] 何传启. 科技革命与世界现代化:第六次科技革命的方向和挑战[J]. 科技导报, 2012, 30(27):15-19.
[7] 何传启. 新科技革命的预测和解析[J]. 科学通报, 2017, 62(8):785-798.
[8] He C. Periodic table of human civilization process[J]. Educational Philosophy and Theory, 2020, 52(8):848-868.
[9] 伏尔泰. 风俗论(论世界各国民族精神、礼仪和习惯)[M]. 北京:商务印书馆, 1994-1997.
[10] 孔多塞. 人类精神进步史表纲要[M]. 北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店, 1998.
[11] 马克思. 资本论(第一卷)[M]. 北京:人民出版社, 1975.
[12] 斯宾格勒. 西方的没落[M]. 上海:上海三联书店, 2006.
[13] 汤因比. 历史研究[M]. 上海:上海人民出版社, 1997.
[14] 亨廷顿. 文明冲突与世界秩序的重建[M]. 周琪, 刘绯, 张立平, 等译. 北京:新华出版社, 1998.
[15] 维柯. 新科学(关于民族共同性的新科学原理)[M]. 北京:人民文学出版社, 1997.
[16] World Bank. World development indicators[DB/OL].[2018-12-20]. http://databank.worldbank.org/data/home.aspx.
[17] OECD. STAN database for structural analysis (ISIC Rev.4)[DB/OL].[2018-12-20]. http://stats.oecd.org.
[18] 米切尔. 帕尔格雷夫世界历史统计:欧洲卷(1750-1993)[M]. 第4版. 北京:经济出版社, 2002.
[19] 麦迪森. 世界经济千年史[M]. 北京:北京大学出版社, 2003.
[20] 库兹涅茨. 各国的经济增长[M]. 北京:商务印书馆, 1999.
[21] 利基. 人类的起源[M]. 上海:上海科学技术出版社, 1995.
[22] 拉尔夫, 勒纳, 米查姆, 等. 世界文明史[M].北京:商务印书馆, 1998/1999.
[23] 埃利亚斯. 文明的进程:文明的社会起源和心理起源研究[M]. 北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店, 1998.
[24] 斯塔夫里阿诺斯. 全球通史(1500年以前的世界)[M]. 上海:上海社会科学出版社, 1988.
[25] 布罗代尔. 15至18世纪的物质文明、经济和资本主义[M]. 北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店, 2002.
[26] Tylor E. Primitive culture[M]. London:John Murray, 1871.
[27] Morgan L H. Ancient society[M]. Cambridge, Mass:Harvard University Press, 1964.
[28] Moore B. Social origins of dictatorship and democracy[M]. Harmondsworth:Penguin, 1967.
[29] Rostow W. The stages of economic growth[M]. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press, 1960.
[30] Black C E. The dynamics of modernization[M]. New York:Harper & Row Publishers, 1966.
[31] Brown D E. Human universals[M]. New York:McGrawHill, 1991.
[32] Levinson D. Encyclopedia of world cultures[M]. Volume X. Boston, Mass:G. K. Hall & Company, 1996.
[33] Lyotard J F. The postmodern condition:A report on knowledge[M]. Minneapolis:University of Minnesota, 1984.
[34] Beck U. Risk society:Towards a new modernity[M]. London:Sage, 1992.
[35] Bell D. The coming of postindustrial society[M]. New York:Penguin, 1973.
[36] Castells M. The rise of the network society[M]. Oxford:Blackwell Publishers Ltd, 2000.
[37] Inglehart R. Modernization and postmodernization[M]. Princeton:Princeton University Press, 1997.
[38] UNESCO. Towards knowledge societies[M]. Paris:UNESCO, 2005.
[39] 何传启主编. 中国现代化报告2018:产业结构现代化研究[M]. 北京:北京大学出版社, 2018.
