总结了美国国家研究理事会的咨询选题机制与研究组织机制及流程特点,发现美国国家研究理事会的咨询选题多为复合型,主要集中在行为与社会科学、生物学和生命科学、计算机和信息技术、冲突和安全等方面,在服务美国国家需求、布局优先事项及消除种族歧视等多个方面发挥了有效作用;结合具体选题案例,对战略政策型、前瞻储备型和应急焦点型选题进行了分析。对智库研究选题和组织的启示为:一是聚焦国家需求,回应社会关切;二是拓展国际合作,发出中国声音;三是注重科学传播,倡导科学价值;四是规范研究过程,确保客观可信;五是创新智库方法,提高研究效率。
This paper summarizes the consultative topic selection mechanism of the National Research Council of the United States and the characteristics of the research organization mechanism and process. Most of the consultative topic selections of the National Research Council of the United States are compound, mainly concentrated on behavioral and social sciences, biology and life sciences, computer and information technology, conflict, security, etc. The mechanism has played an effective role in serving America's national needs, laying out priorities, and eliminating racial discrimination. Combined with specific topic selection cases, the strategic policy type, prospective reserve type, and emergency focus type topic selections are analyzed. Finally, several enlightenments for Chinese think tank research topic selection and organization are presented. First, we should focus on national needs, respond to social concerns. Second, we should expand international cooperation and make China's voice heard. Third, we should pay attention to science communication and advocate the value of science. Fourth, we should standardize the research process to ensure objectivity and credibility. Fifth, we should innovate think tank methods and improve research efficiency.
[1] Olson S. The National Academy of Sciences at 150[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2014, 111(Suppl 2):9327-9364.
[2] NAS. Our strategic plan[EB/OL].[2022-07-20]. https://www.nationalacademies.org/about.
[3] 王键.美国科研体制对中国的启示[J].科学文化评论, 2006(6):87-96.
[4] 张军,刘清.美国国家研究院的研究机制及其对国家科学思想库建设的启示[J].科技进步与对策, 2008(2):165-168.
[5] 王桂侠,万劲波.美国国家科学院咨询机制及启示[N].中国科学报, 2014-07-11(7).
[6] 刘学,郑军卫.世界著名科学院思想库咨询项目的组织管理机制与启示[J].科学管理研究, 2015, 33(5):112-115.
[7] Blair P D. The evolving role of the US National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine in providing science and technology policy advice to the US government[J]. Palgrave Communications, 2016, 2(1):1-7.
[8] 彭晴晴,李真真.中美英国家科学院科技咨询比较研究[J].科学与社会, 2017, 7(2):86-99.
[9] 刘慧晖,杨明,孙粒,等.美国国家研究理事会优先领域遴选模式及启示——以海洋科学领域为例[J].科技导报, 2019, 37(14):44-50.
[10] 袁秀,万劲波.美国国家科学院科技咨询新动向[N].光明日报, 2022-03-17(13).
[11] 王文.如何打造具有国际影响力的智库报告——《"美国第一"?!美国抗疫真相》报告的案例分析与经验总结[J].智库理论与实践, 2021, 6(5):1-7.
[12] NAS、Search Books on NAP.edu[EB/OL].[2022-08-11]. https://nap.nationalacademies.org/search/.
[13] 袁秀,李培楠,万劲波,等.从知识到政策:科技智库的知识转化机制[J].科技导报, 2019, 37(12):9-13.
[14] NAS. Topic collections[EB/OL].[2022-10-16]. https://www.nationalacademies.org/topics.
[15] 赵纪东.美国国家研究理事会提出未来十年地球科学领域的12个优先科学问题[J].天然气地球科学, 2020, 31(6):864.
[16] NAS. In service to the nation and the world[EB/OL].[2022-10-17]. https://www.nationalacademies.org/in-service-to-the-nation-and-the-world#sl-three-columns-b-5e3a321-d8dc-499f-827f-399b4084f742.
[17] NAS. Our study process[EB/OL].[2022-09-27]. https://www.nationalacademies.org/about/our-study-process.
[18] 王文.平视美国智库——美国智库研究客观性的多维度分析[J].智库理论与实践, 2022, 7(4):86-92.
