基于美国地质调查局公布的2013—2022年关键矿产相关数据，从进口依赖度、市场动态、供应风险3个角度开展定量研究，阐明美国关键矿产供应链安全的变化态势，剖析美国加强关键矿产供应链安全的手段与特点。美国约90%的关键矿产依赖进口，中国是美国的顶级供应方；约70%关键矿产的市场动态值波动剧烈，市场不稳可能放大美国关键矿产的进口风险；约32%的关键矿产供应风险值偏高或上升，且随着关键矿产的产能进一步向亚洲、非洲、南美洲的部分国家转移，地缘政治危机升级可能会加剧矿产供应风险。借鉴美国关键矿产供应链安全态势和强化供应链安全手段，提出了谋划应对关键矿产战略博弈、增强对国际矿产资源市场影响力、深化海外开发合作、加强风险防控等建议。
Under the background of the superpower games, the United States actively promotes the de Sinicization of key minerals and constructs a strategic blockade against China, which may seriously affect China's normal resource rights and interests. Based on the critical mineral related data released by the United States Geological Survey from 2013 to 2022, quantitative research was conducted from three perspectives: import dependence, market dynamics, and supply risk. The changes in the security of the critical mineral supply chain in the United States were elucidated, and the means and characteristics of strengthening the security of the critical mineral supply chain in the United States were analyzed. About 90% of critical minerals in the United States rely on imports, with China as its top supplier. The market dynamics of about 70% of critical minerals fluctuate violently, and market instability may amplify the import risk of critical minerals in the United States; About 32% of critical mineral supply risks are high or keep rising, and the production capacity of critical minerals further shifts to some thirdworld countries in Asia, Africa and South America, and the escalation of geopolitical crises may exacerbate mineral supply risks. Based on the analysis of the security situation of the key mineral supply chain in the United States and its security measures to strengthen supply chain, suggestions have been put forward, including systematic planning to respond to the strategic game of key minerals, enhance the influence on the international mineral resource market, deepen overseas development cooperation, and strengthen risk prevention and control.
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