专题:气候变化与绿色能源低碳发展

“双碳”目标下中国能源转型的战略思考

  • 王戎 ,
  • 陈祉叶 ,
  • 曾嘉伟 ,
  • 王怡静 ,
  • 曹军骥 ,
  • 汤绪 ,
  • 张人禾
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  • 1. 复旦大学多风险互联与治理国际卓越中心, 上海 200438;
    2. 复旦大学环境科学与工程系, 上海 200438;
    3. 中国科学院大气物理研究所, 北京 100029;
    4. 复旦大学大气与海洋科学系/大气科学研究院 上海 200438
王戎,教授,研究方向为环境模型、气候变化、碳循环、空气污染、可再生能源、能源经济、地球系统等,电子信箱:rongwang@fudan.edu.cn

收稿日期: 2024-01-03

  修回日期: 2024-06-14

  网络出版日期: 2024-11-02

基金资助

国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFF0802504);国家自然科学基金项目(41877506)

Strategic consideration of China's energy transition under the “dual-carbon” goal

  • WANG Rong ,
  • CHEN Zhiye ,
  • ZENG Jiawei ,
  • WANG Yijing ,
  • CAO Junji ,
  • TANG Xu ,
  • ZHANG Renhe
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  • 1. IRDR International Center of Excellence on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China;
    2. Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China;
    3. Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China;
    4. Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China

Received date: 2024-01-03

  Revised date: 2024-06-14

  Online published: 2024-11-02

摘要

中国提出“双碳”目标,以减缓人类活动排放的CO2导致的气候变暖,推动电力系统向可再生能源转型,为绿色发展注入新动力。从近期研究的趋势出发,针对实现“双碳”目标对能源转型的需求,梳理了能源转型过程中潜在的环境问题,提出了可再生能源在生产和运行阶段对环境和生态的潜在影响。为认识实现“双碳”目标的挑战,基于2010—2021年期间清洁能源变化的历史趋势,预测2021—2060年发电量和能源消费量的变化趋势,并结合已有研究报道的中国光伏和风力发电潜力,分析了未来发展光电和风电对土地、输电、储能、投资等方面的需求。结果表明,维持中国过去清洁能源的增长速度可能无法满足实现“双碳”目标对未来清洁能源的需求,因此实现“双碳”目标需要克服能源系统和经济系统的惯性,加速推进中国的能源转型,提高清洁能源在总能源中的占比。最后,针对如何以较低经济成本加速能源转型的问题,提出了政策建议。

本文引用格式

王戎 , 陈祉叶 , 曾嘉伟 , 王怡静 , 曹军骥 , 汤绪 , 张人禾 . “双碳”目标下中国能源转型的战略思考[J]. 科技导报, 2024 , 42(19) : 10 -19 . DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2024.02.00232

Abstract

China has promised to achieve the "dual-carbon" goal in order to reduce climate warming caused by human-induced CO2 emissions, accelerate the transition of the electricity system toward renewable energy, and provide impetus to green development. Starting from summarizing the trend of recent studies, this paper encompasses the demand for energy transitions to meet the "dual-carbon" goal, analyzes the environmental problems in the processes of energy transition, and identifies the potential impacts of the production and operation of renewable energy on the environment and ecology. To cope with the challenge of achieving the "dual-carbon" goal, the trends of growth in power generation and energy consumption from 2021 to 2060 are predicted by analyzing the historical growth of renewable energy from 2010 to 2021. In addition, this paper analyzes the demand for land, power transmission, energy storage, and investment for the development of photovoltaic and wind power in China by taking into account the state-of-the-art estimate of photovoltaic and wind power generation. Based on the analysis, it is extrapolated that the renewable growth rate of clean energy in China is insufficient to satisfy the pledges aligning with the "dualcarbon" goal, therefore it is required to overcome the inertia in the energy and economic systems to strengthen the process of energy transition and increase the share of renewable energy in total energy supply. Lastly, a number of suggestions for policy are provided for accelerating the energy transitions to achieve the goal at a low economic cost.

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