The noise-distance characteristic curve is an important technical index, which can only be obtained by fitting the data of the field test. In view of the fact that there are errors in the test of L_EPN and the least distance from test points to flight tracks, the robust theory is applied to balance the discreteness among data. The robust least-squares method and the IGGI weighting-function method are chosen to determine the coefficients in the formula according to the form of the aircraft noise-distance characteristic curve, and the aircraft noise-distance characteristic curves for takeoff and landing are obtained based on the formula. An example of takeoff and landing for a type of aircraft is taken to test and verify the feasibility of the method proposed in this paper. This paper provides a theoretical basis for the environmental impact assessment of the airplane noise in airport.