Research on the geo-environment in the era of big data

JIANG Dong; WANG Qian; DING Fangyu

doi:10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2018.03.005

PDF(813 KB)

Science & Technology Review ›› 2018, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (3) : 41-48. DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2018.03.005

Spescial Issues

Research on the geo-environment in the era of big data

Author information -

1. Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
2. College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Abstract

The study of geographical environment characteristics and evolution rules is an important scientific support for recognizing the international geopolitical situation and safeguarding national security. Since 21 century, the rise of frequency and influence of all kinds of geopolitical events causes a serious threat to China's geopolitical safety and implementation of "the Belt and Road Initiative". The occurrence of geopolitical events is the result of interaction of various geo-environmental factors. The analysis of the evolution process of multi-dimensional geopolitical elements is an important basis for simulation and early warning of geo-risk. This paper reviews the origin and historical progress of the research on geo-environment both at home and abroad, systematically combs the main observation means of geo-environmental factors, and sums up application results of big data technology in the field of geo-environment research. Research shows that single geopolitical events have a high degree randomness, but the occurrence of massive events is affected by various geo-environment factors. Based on geo-environment system theory, the paper describes the complex relationship between geographical environment factors by using a large data analysis method, which helps to solve the problem of specific geographical. Finally, the paper suggests that the future geo-environment research should be guided by the geo-environment system theory and uses big data mining and machine learning technology to construct a spatiotemporal simulation and intelligent analysis model of geo-environment.

Key words

geographical environment / big data / information mining / machine learning

Cite this article

EndNote

Ris (Procite)

Bibtex

Download Citations

JIANG Dong, WANG Qian, DING Fangyu. Research on the geo-environment in the era of big data[J]. Science & Technology Review, 2018, 36(3): 41-48 https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2018.03.005

References

[1] 索尔·伯纳德·科恩. 地缘政治学:国际关系的地理学[M]. 严春松, 译. 上海:上海社会科学院出版社, 2014. Saul Bernard Cohen. Geopolitics:Geography of international relationns[M]. Yan Chunsong, trans. Shanghai:Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences Press, 2014.
[2] 哈尔福德·麦金德. 历史的地理枢纽[M]. 北京:商务印书馆, 2011. Halford John Mackinder. The geographical hub of history[M]. Beijing:Commercial Press, 2011.
[3] 阿尔弗雷德·塞耶·马汉. 海权对历史的影响[M]. 北京:中国人民解放军出版社, 2006. Alfred Thayer Mahan. The influence of sea power on history[M]. Beijing:PLA Publishing House, 2006.
[4] 斯皮克曼. 和平地理学[M]. 北京:商务印书馆, 1965. Schpicman. Peace Geography[M]. Beijing:Commercial Press, 1965.
[5] Alexander de Seversky. Air power:Key to survial[M]. New York:Simon and Schuster Press, 1950.
[6] Kennan G F. American Diplomacy, 1900-1950[M]. Chicago:Chicago University Press, 1951.
[7] 陈少华. 国家间博弈中的地缘政治与地缘经济[J]. 武汉理工大学学报(社会科学版), 2009, 22(3):36-40. Chen Shaohua. Geopolitics and geoeconomics of internation game[J]. Journal of Wuhan University of Technology (Social Sciences), 2009, 22(3):36-40.
[8] 亨利·基辛格. 大外交[M]. 海南:海南出版社, 2012. Henry Kissinger. Great diplomacy[M]. Hainan:Hainan Publishing House, 2012.
[9] 兹比格纽·布热津斯基. 大棋局:美国的首要地位及其地缘战略[M]. 上海:上海人民出版社, 2012. Zbigniew brzezinski. Great chess game:The first position of the United States and its geostrategic strategy[M]. Shanghai:Shanghai People's Press, 2012.
[10] Luttwak E N. The endangered American dream:How to dtop United States becoming a third country and how to win the geo-economic struggle for industrial supremacy[M]. New York:Simon and Schuster, 1993.
[11] Demko G J. Reordering the world:Geopolitical perspectives on the twenty-first century[M]. Boulder, Colorado:Westview Press, 1994.
[12] 罗伯特·D·卡普兰. 2013. 即将到来的地缘战争[M]. 涵朴, 译. 广州:广东人民出版社, 2013. Robert D Kaplan. The upcoming geowar[M]. Han Pu, trans. Guangzhou:Guangdong People's Press, 2013.
[13] 塞缪尔·亨廷顿. 文明的冲突[M]. 周琪, 译. 新华出版社, 2013. Samuel Huntington. The clash of civilizations and the remarking of world order[M]. Zhou Qi, trans. Xinhua Press, 2013.
[14] Tuathail G Ó, Agnew J. Geopolitics and discourse:Practical geopolitical reasoning in American foreign policy[J]. Political Geography, 1992, 11(2):190-204.
[15] 陆大道, 杜德斌. 关于加强地缘政治地缘经济研究的思考[J]. 地理学报, 2013, 68(3):723-727. Lu Dadao, Du Debin. Thoughts on strengthening the geopolitical geo-economic research[J]. Journal of Geography, 2013, 68(3):723-727.
[16] Buxton B, Hayward V, Pearson I, et al. Big data:The next Google. Interview by Duncan Graham-Rowee[J]. Nature, 2008, 455(7209):8-9.
[17] UN Global Pulse. Big data for development:Challenges & opportunities[EB/OL]. (2012-05-29)[2017-10-10]. http://www.unglobalpulse.org/projects/Bigdataofordevelopment.
[18] King G. Big data is not about the data[EB/OL]. (2015-02-20)[2017-09-28]. https://gking.harvard.edu/presentations/big-data-not-about-data-18.
[19] European American Chamber of Commerce, French (& German) Government support for Big Data[EB/OL]. (2013-07-04)[2017-11-12]. https://www.eaccny.com/news/french-german-government-support-for-big-data/.
[20] 张勇进, 王璟璇. 主要发达国家大数据政策比较研究[J]. 中国行政管理, 2014(10):113-117. Zhang Yongjin, Wang Jingxuan. Comparative study on big data policies of major developed countries[J]. China's Administrative Management, 2014(10):113-117.
[21] 中华人民共和国国务院. 促进大数据发展行动纲要[J]. 中华人民共和国国务院公报, 2015(26):26-35. The State Council of the People's Republic of China. Action to promote the development of big data[J]. Communique of the State Council of the People's Republic of China, 2015(26):26-35.
[22] 江东. 资源环境高分辨率遥感应用研究[M]. 北京:气象出版社, 2016. Jiang Dong. Research on high resolution remote sensing application of resource environment[M]. Beijing:Meteorological Press, 2016.
[23] Canadell J G, Steffen W L, White P S. IGBP/GCTE terrestrial transects:Dynamics of terrestrial ecosystems under environmental change[J]. Journal of Vegetation Sciences, 2002, 13:298-300.
[24] 傅伯杰, 赵文武, 陈利顶. 地理-生态过程研究的进展与展望[J]. 地理学报, 2006, 61(11):1123-1131 Fu Bojie, Zhao Wenwu, Chen Liding. Progress and perspective of Geographical-ecological processes[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2006, 61(11):1123-1131.
[25] 葛全胜, 王芳, 陈泮勤, 等. 全球变化研究进展和趋势[J]. 地球科学进展, 2007, 22(4):417-427. Ge Quansheng, Wang Fang, Chen Panqin, et al. Progress and trend of global change research[J]. Earth Science Progress, 2007, 22(4):417-427
[26] 于贵瑞, 张雷明, 孙晓敏. 中国陆地生态系统通量观测研究网络(ChinaFLUX)的主要进展及发展展望[J]. 地理科学进展, 2014, 33(7):903-917. Yu Guirui, Zhang LeiMing, Sun Xiaomin. The main progress and development prospects of China terrestrial ecosystem flux observation research network (ChinaFLUX)[J]. Geoscience Progress, 2014, 33(7):903-917.
[27] 方修琦, 陈发虎. 植物物候与气候变化[J]. 中国科学(地球科学), 2015, 45(5):707-708. Fang Xiuqi, Chen Fahu. Plant phenology and climate change[J]. Scientia Sinica Terrae, 2015, 45(5):707-708.
[28] Azar D, Engstrom R, Graesser J, et al. Generation of finescale population layers using multi-resolution satellite imagery and geospatial data[J]. Remote Sensing of Environment, 2013, 130:219-232.
[29] 付晶莹, 江东, 黄耀欢. 中国公里网格人口分布数据集[J]. 地理学报, 2014(69):72-79. Fu Jingying, Jiang Dong, Huang Yaohuan. The distribution data of China's kilometer-grid population[J]. Journal of Geography, 2014(69):72-79.
[30] Elvidge C D, Sutton P C, Ghosh T, et al. A global poverty map derived from satellite data[J]. Computers & Geosciences, 2009, 35(8):1652-1660.
[31] Baker J. East Asia's changing urban landscape:Measuring a decade of spatial growth[M]. Washington D. C.:The World Bank, 2015:184.
[32] Xavier C, Moreira F. A gile ETL[J]. Procedia Technology, 2013(9):381-387.
[33] Moore Ⅲ B. International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme:A study of global change, some reflections[J]. Global Change Newsletter, 1999(40):1-3.
[34] United Nations Enviroment Programme. Keeping the global environment under review[EB/OL].[2017-11-01]. https://www.unenvironment.org/regions/africa/regional-initiatives/keepingenvironment-under-review.
[35] Future earth:Research for global sustainability[EB/OL].[2017-11-12]. http://www.futureearth.org.
[36] Digital government strategy[EB/OL]. (2012-03-29)[2013-12-10]. http://www.whitehouse.gov/blog/2012/03/29/big-data-bigdeal.
[37] Great Britain. Department for Business, Innovation and Skills (BIS). Seizing the data opportunity:A strategy for UK data capability[EB/OL]. (2013-10-01)[2018-11-12]. https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/2-54136/bis-13-1250-strategy-for-uk-data-capability-v4.pdf.
[38] Braithwaite A, Li Q. Transnational terrorism hot spots:Identification and impact evaluation[J]. Conflict Management and Peace Science, 2007(24):281-296.
[39] Gao P, Guo D S, Liao K, et al. Early detection of terrorism outbreaks using prospective space-time scan statistics[J]. The Professional Geographer, 2013, 65(4):676-691.
[40] Ding F Y, Ge Q S,Jiang D,et al. Understanding the dynamics of terrorism events with multiple-discipline datasets and machine learning approach[J]. PloS One. 2017, 12(6):e017-9057.
[41] Fernández-Delgado M, Cernadas E, Barro S, et al. Do we need hundreds of classifiers to solve real world classification problems[J]. Journal of Machine Learning Research, 2014, 15(1):3133-3181.
[42] Noguera-Santaella J. Geopolitics and the oil price[J]. Economic Modelling, 2016(52):301-309.
[43] Suckall N, Fraser E, Forster P, et al. Using a migration systems approach to understand the link between climate change and urbanization in Malawi[J]. Applied Geography, 2015(63):244-252.
[44] 葛全胜, 江东, 陆锋, 等. 地缘环境系统模拟研究探讨[J]. 地理学报, 2017, 72(3):371-381. Ge Quansheng, Jiang Dong, Lu Feng, et al. Study of the geoenvironmental system simulation[J]. Geographical Journal, 2017, 72(3):371-381.
[45] World Economic Forum. Global risks report 2017[EB/OL].[2017-01-11]. http://wef.ch/risks2017.
[46] Szayna T S, O'Mahony A, Kavanagh J, et al. Conflict trends and conflict drivers[R/OL]. California:The RAND Corporation, 2017:286. https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR1063.html.