According to the new demand of developing modern agriculture, promoting farmer’s income, enhancing international competitive capacity of agricultural products of China to agricultural science and technology, the paper reviewed the process, practice and achievements of national agricultural research system in the world in the past 10 decades, analysed the problems which China is facing in the development of agricultural sciences and technology in the new developing period of economy, and put forward the new ideas to speed up the establishment of the country’s innovation system of agricultural science and technology, and their related proposals in policy.