In order to protect the phosphate rock resources, it is important to optimize their usage. With the phosphorus productions in China, the United States and Morocco as examples, in three aspects including the country, the industry and the enterprise, this paper select ten indices reflecting the phosphate rock resource exploitation levels, including the phosphate rock foundation reserves, the average mineral taste, the mineral concentration and the mining cost, through the complex Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to obtain the index weight vector, so as to establish a phosphate rock mining index comprehensive evaluation model, and using the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) to calculate the phosphate rock resource exploitation advantages for respective countries. It is shown that the phosphate production indices of China, the United States and Morocco based on the comprehensive dominance analysis are, respectively, 27.1%, 41.7% and 79.8%, thereby, the phosphate rock resource exploitation level of Morocco is the highest. This evaluation method result is reasonable and objective and practical, and can serve as a basis for the exploitation and protection of various resources.