To investigate whether for elder patients with great thyroid neoplasm, the perioperative care can prevent complications, the nursing service of 28 elderly patients with great thyroid neoplasm treated in our hospital is analyzed. The complication rate is recorded and compared with the results reported in the literature. The recovery of 28 patients was good without serious complications, the incisions of all patients healed well, without post-operative bleeding and subcutaneous hematoma; no patients suffered from drinking cough; 2 patients suffered from hoarse throat, and came up with compensatory recovery after three to six months; 2 patients suffered from intermittent numbness of lips, and returned to normal after the calcium treatment; 1 case of pulmonary infection was improved after active treatment. These results are compared with cases in the literature and a low incidence of complications is clearly shown. It can be concluded that the appropriate nursing service can reduce the complication rate for the elder patients with great thyroid neoplasm.