It is very important for exploration and development of oil and gas to comprehensively and accurately and quantitatively describe and predict fracture. Base on the basis of the literature investigation of fractures research findings around the world, from geological analysis, log fracture identification, curvature method, tectonic stress simulation, seismic fracture prediction and so on, the progress of fracture characterization and prediction are summarized. It is shown that the reservoir fractures can be classified into two types, including structural and non-structural fracture according to their origin. The structural fracture includes regional fracture, local fracture and complex structural fracture, in which the local structural fracture is related to fracture of fault and fold. The non-structural fracture can be classified into contraction fracture and related fracture of surface, which have 12 sub-types. Every type of fractures has different characteristics and origin. The main identification of fracture is combination of geological analysis and log interpretation, and then pattern recognition of outcrop, core and well logging will be established. Also quantitative calculation method for fracture is proposed using geological, logging and tectonic stress data. With the aid of those bases, the advantage and disadvantage of methods for detection and prediction of the fracture distribution are discussed. Finally the shortcoming and development of fracture research are pointed out.