The maintenance support system of the carrier-based aircraft involves a high complexity of maintenance work. It is important to enhance the support effectiveness for the carrier-based aircraft, especially, to improve the maintenance system and the maintenance methods. To meet the requirements of the future integration joint combat, improve the combat readiness integrity and enhance the operational capability, the formulation of the carrier-based aircraft maintenance must keep pace with the time. It is an effective way to increase the level of operational readiness and reduce life-cycle costs by constructing a reasonable carrier-based aircraft maintenance system. The operation modes of the carrier-based aircraft under the three-level maintenance system and the two-level maintenance system at home and abroad are compared, the disadvantages of the three-level maintenance system are analyzed,and the foreign advanced concepts of the military aircraft maintenance are considered. With some issues in the carrier-based aircraft maintenance support system in mind, the mode of the carrier-based aircraft two-level maintenance and the key aspects related to the system are discussed.