The ambient fine particle matters (PM2.5) were collected from November 2008 till March 2009 (wintertime) in an urban site of Xi'an to compare with the chemical compositions according to the air quality grades guidelines (HJ 633-2012). All of PM2.5 mass concentrations were in excess of the 75 μg/m3 level in the 24 h Ambient Air Quality Standards (GB 3095-2012). The concentrations of PM2.5 mass and their corresponding chemical compositions were elevated to show a generally increasing trend of the AQI except for a few elements. The concentrations of organic carbon (OC) and water-soluble inorganic ions on six-grade days were approximately 4.5 and 2.7 times those of three-grade days. The enrichment factors of anthropogenic elements (e.g., As, Zn and Pb) on six-grade days were 1.6-2.0 times those of three-grade days, while the elements from crustal sources were not observed along with any surge and rule of air pollution levels. PAHs and n-alkanes mainly were contributed by anthropogenic sources. During the occurrence of heavy air pollution in winter, biomass burning and coal combustion emissions showed a larger contribution to PAHs than gasoline vehicle emissions.
XU Hongmei
,
CAO Junji
,
SHEN Zhenxing
,
LIU Suixin
,
ZHANG Ting
,
ZHOU Jiamao
. Characterization of chemical composition for fine particle matter collected in different air quality grades in Xi'an in winter[J]. Science & Technology Review, 2015
, 33(6)
: 31
-36
.
DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2015.06.004
[1] Cao J J, Wu F, Chow J C, et al. Characterization and source apportionment of atmospheric organic and elemental carbon during fall and winter of 2003 in Xi'an, China[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2005a, 5 (11): 3127-3137.
[2] Cao J J, Lee S C, Zhang X Y, et al. Characterization of airborne carbonate over a site near Asian Dust source regions during spring 2002 and its climatic and environmental significance[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 2005b, 110(D3): 1-8.
[3] Shen Z X, Arimoto R, Cao J J, et al. Seasonal variations and evidence for the effectiveness of pollution controls on water-soluble inorganic species in total suspended particulates and fine particulate matter from Xi'an, China[J]. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 2008, 58(12): 1560-1570.
[4] Cao J J, Zhu C S, Tie X X, et al. Characteristics and sources of carbonaceous aerosols from Shanghai, China[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2013, 13: 803-817.
[5] Shen Z X, Cao J J, Arimoto R. et al. Ionic composition of TSP and PM2.5 during Dust Storms and air pollution episodes at Xi'an, China[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2009, 43(18): 2911-2918.
[6] Zhang T, Cao J J, Tie X X, et al. Water-soluble ions in atmospheric aerosols measured in Xi'an, China: Seasonal variations and sources[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2011, 102(1-2): 110-119.
[7] Xu H M, Cao J J, Ho K F, et al. Lead concentrations in fine particulate matter after the phasing out of leaded gasoline in Xi'an, China[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2012, 46: 217-224.
[8] Xu H M, Tao J, Ho, S S H, et al. Characteristics of fine particulate non-polar organic compounds in Guangzhou during the 16th Asian Games: Effectiveness of air pollution controls[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2013, 76: 94-101.
[9] Turpin B J, Saxena P, Andrews E. Measuring and simulating particulate organics in the atmosphere: Problems and prospects[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2000, 34(18): 2983-3013.
[10] Tobiszewski M, Namiesnik J. Review: PAH diagnostic ratios for the identification of pollution emission sources[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2012, 162: 110-119.
[11] Schauer J J, Rogge W F, Hildemann L M, et al. Source apportionment of airborne particulate matter using organic compounds as tracers[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 1996, 30(22): 3837-3855.
[12] 曹军骥. PM2.5与环境[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2014. Cao Junji. PM2.5 and the environment in China[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2014.
[13] Ma W L, Sun D Z, Shen W G, et al. Atmospheric concentrations, sources and gas-particle partitioning of PAHs in Beijing after the 29th Olympic Games[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2011, 159(7): 1794-1801.
[14] Taylor S R, McLennan S M. The continental crust: Its composition and evolution[J]. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 1986, 42(3): 196-197.
[15] 国家环境保护局. 中国土壤元素背景值[M]. 北京: 中国环境科学出 版社, 1990: 450-490. State Department of Environmental Conservation. Chinese soil elements background values[M]. Beijing: China Environmental Science Press, 1990: 450-490.
[16] Baek S O, Fleld R A, Goldstone M E, et al. A review of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: Sources, fate and behavior[J]. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 1991, 60(3-4): 279-300.
[17] Mazquiaran M A B, Pinedo L C O. Organic composition of atmospheric urban aerosol: Variations and sources of aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons[J]. Atmospheric Research, 2007, 85(3-4): 288-299.
[18] Wang G H, Kawamura K, Lee S C, et al. Molecular, seasonal, and spatial distributions of organic aerosols from fourteen chinese cities[J]. Environment Science and Technology, 2006, 40(15): 4619-4625.
[19] 沈振兴, 周娟, 曹军骥. 西安冬季可吸入颗粒物中多环芳烃的组成及 风险评价[J]. 西安交通大学学报, 2009, 43(11): 114-120. Shen Zhenxing, Zhou Juan, Cao Junji. Xi'an winter respirable particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the composition and risk evaluation[J]. Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 2009, 43(11): 114-120.
[20] Nielsen T, Jorgensen H E, Larsen J C, et al. City air pollution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and other mutagens: Occurrence, sources and health effects[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 1996, 189-190: 41-49.
