By using statistical methods, the emission inventory of black carbon aerosol in China in 2012 is calculated, and the spatial distribution map of black carbon emissions in the county area is constructed. It is shown that the total amount of black carbon emissions in China in 2012 is 188.676×104 t, among which the residents' living source emissions are 81.800×104 t, accounting for 43.3% of the total black carbon emissions, ranking first. Those of the industrial production and the final consumption are 80.914×104 t, accounting for 42.9% of the national emissions, and the total emissions of the industrial sources and the residents' living sources account for 86.2%, and are the main sources of black carbon emissions in China. The emissions of the transportation and the biomass combustion are 17.809×104 t and 6.667×104 t, respectively, accounting for 9.4 percent and 3.5 percent, respectively. The thermal and heating emissions are small, accounting for just 0.8% of the total emissions. With regard to the energy type, the black carbon is mainly from the coal and biofuel combustion, accounting for 54% and 31.6%, respectively. The spatial distribution of the black carbon emission is uneven, which shows the trend that it is high in east and low in west, as is consistent with the regional economic development and the rural population density. Regionally, the area of the highest black carbon emissions in the country includes Shanxi, Hebei, Shandong, Henan, and Inner Mongolia, as the top five, contributing about 37% of the country's emissions. The main source of the emissions in Shanxi is from industrial productions, accounting for 82.4% of the province's emissions. Shanxi is a big coal production province, the coking industry, and the heavy use of coal, make the higher black carbon emissions in the province. The main sources of emissions in Hebei and Shandong are also the industries, accounting for 61.5 percent and 57.5 percent of the province's emissions, and the residents' consumption also takes up a percentage. In Henan province, the rural population density is high, the resident living source of the black carbon accounts for 50% of the total amount, and in Inner Mongolia, the industrial source and the life source, both contrubute about 45%.
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