Recently, resilient cities have gradually replaced the traditional concept of sustainable development cities and become the objects of a new research field in urban planning, geography and emergency management. At present, no consensus is reached for a systematic, comprehensive and operable research framework for resilient cities in China, with Chinese characteristics. This paper focuses on the framework of the evaluation model for resilient cities, the connotation of the resilience evaluation, the evolution mechanism of resilient cities in different stages of external disturbance and the significance of key nodes in the evolution process of resilient cities. This study provides a reference for establishing quantitative evaluation indicators for the long-term adaptability and the intelligent urban planning and management.
[1] 民政部、国家减灾委办公室发布2017年上半年全国自然灾害基本情况[EB/OL].[2018-01-20]. http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2017-07/12/content_5209930.htm. The Ministry of Civil Affairs and the General Office of China National Commission for Disaster Reduction released the basic situation of natural disasters throughout the country in the first half of 2017[EB/OL].[2018-01-20]. http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2017-07/12/content_5209930.htm.
[2] Burby R J, Deyle R E, Godschalk D R, et al. Creating hazard resilient communities through Land-Use Planning[J]. Natural Hazards Review, 2000, 1(2):99-106.
[3] Smits A J M, Nienhuis P H, Saeijs H L F. Changing estuaries, changing views[J]. Hydrobiologia, 2006, 565(1):339-355.
[4] Berkes F. Understanding uncertainty and reducing vulnerability:Lessons from resilience thinking[J]. Natural Hazards, 2007, 41(2):283-295.
[5] Wang C H, Blackmore J M. Resilience concepts for water resource systems[J]. Journal of Water Resources Planning & Management, 2009, 135(6):528-536.
[6] Bruneau M, Chang S E, Eguchi R T, et al. A framework to quantitatively assess and enhance the seismic resilience of communities[J]. Earthquake Spectra, 2003, 19(4):733-752.
[7] Hashimoto T, Stedinger J R, Loucks D P. Reliability, resiliency, and vulnerability criteria for water resource system performance evaluation[J]. Water Resources Research, 1982, 18(1):14-20.
[8] Hollnagel E, Nemeth C P, Dekker S. Resilience engineering perspectives, volume 1:Remaining sensitive to the possibility of failure[M]. Aldershot:Ashgate, 2008.
[9] Liao K H. A Theory on urban resilience to floods——a basis for alternative planning practices[J]. Ecology & Society, 2012, 17(4):388-395.
[10] Holling C S. Resilience and stability of ecological systems[J]. Annual Review of Ecology & Systematics, 1973, 4(4):1-23.
[11] Scheffer M, Carpenter S, Foley J A, et al. Catastrophic shifts in ecosystems[J]. Nature, 2001, 413(6856):591-596.
[12] Walker B, Holling C S, Carpenter S R, et al. Resilience,adaptability and transformability in social-ecological systems[J]. Ecology & Society, 2004, 9(2):3438-3447.
[13] Carpenter S, Walker B, Anderies J M, et al. From metaphor to measurement:Resilience of what to what[J]. Ecosystems, 2001, 4(8):765-781.
[14] Cimellaro G P, Reinhorn A, Bruneau M. Seismic resilience of a hospital system[J]. Structure & Infrastructure Engineering, 2010, 6(1-2):127-144.
[15] Bruneau M, Reinhorn A. Exploring the concept of seismic resilience for acute care facilities[J]. Earthquake Spectra, 2007, 23(1):41-62.
[16] Miles S B, Chang S E. Modeling community recovery from earthquakes[J]. Earthquake Spectra, 2006, 22(2):439-458.
[17] Davidson R A, Çagnan Z. Restoration modeling of lifeline systems[J/OL].[2018-01-20]. Research Accomplishments, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/247403672_Restoration_Modeling_of_Lifeline_Systems.
[18] Chang S E, Shinozuka M. Measuring improvements in the disaster resilience of communities[J]. Earthquake Spectra, 2004, 20(3):739-755.
[19] Cimellaro G P, Fumo C, Reinhorn A, et al. Seismic resilience of health care facilities[J]. Anidis, 2008, 2(4):64-70.
[20] Klein R J T, Nicholls R J, Thomalla F. Resilience to natural hazards:How useful is this concept[J]. Global Environmental Change Part B:Environmental Hazards, 2003, 5(1/2):35-45.
