With the vigorous development of Unmanned Aircraft Systems(UAS), it becomes necessary and urgent to speed up the relevant legislation and strengthen the UAS safety supervision. This paper studies the existing laws and regulations related with the UAS in China, analyses various management measures and policies, as well as the problems for the UAS supervision, and based on the mainstream practices and experiences of foreign countries, we suggest that the UAS safety supervision in China should focus on the key links of "manmachine-environment", establish a unified control platform at the national level, speed up the formulation of relevant regulations and standards. standardize the use of anti-UAS equipment, and promote and improve the safety supervision system of the UAS in China by means of safety testing and pilot publicity.
JIN Wei
,
SHANG Yong
. The safety supervision of unmanned aircraft systems in China[J]. Science & Technology Review, 2019
, 37(14)
: 66
-77
.
DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2019.14.009
[1] 国家统计局. 中华人民共和国2017年国民经济和社会发展统计公报[EB/OL]. (2018-02-28)[2018-11-01]. http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/zxfb/201802/t20180228_1585631.html. National Bureau of Statistics. Statistical bulletin of national economic and social development of the People's Republic of China 2017[EB/OL]. (2018-02-28)[2018-11-01]. http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/zxfb/201802/t20180228_1585631.html.
[2] 工业和信息化部关于促进和规范民用无人机制造业发展的指导意见(工信部装
[2017] 310号)[A]. 2017-12-26. Guidelines of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology on Promoting and Regulating the Development of Civil UAS Manufacturing (MⅡT, No. 310, 2017)[A]. 2017-12-26.
[3] 无人机黑飞干扰民航事件频发[EB/OL]. (2017-05-09)[2018-11-01]. http://finance.sina.com.cn/roll/2017-05-09/doc-ifyeychk7196041.shtml. The black flight of UAS interferes with civil aviation frequently[EB/OL]. (2017-05-09)[2018-11-01]. http://finance.sina.com.cn/roll/2017-05-09/doc-ifyeychk7196041.shtml.
[4] 中国民用航空局. 关于征求《无人驾驶航空器飞行管理暂行条例(征求意见稿)》意见的通知[EB/OL]. (2018-01-26)[2018-11-01]. http://www.caac.gov.cn/HDJL/YJZJ/201801/t20180126_48853.html. China Civil Aviation Administration. Notice on soliciting opinions on the interim regulations on flight management of UAS (draft for opinions)[EB/OL]. (2018-01-26)[2018-11-01]. http://www.caac.gov.cn/HDJL/YJZJ/201801/t20180126_48853.html.
[5] 薛海鹏. 无人机监管之惑[J]. 今日民航, 2015(Z4):42-47. Xue Haipeng. Confusion of UAS supervision[J]. Civil Aviation Today, 2015(Z4):42-47.
[6] 《战略性新兴产业分类(2018)》(国家统计局令第23号)[A]. 2018-11-26. Strategic Emerging Industries Classification (2018) (NBS Order No. 23)[A]. 2018-11-26.
[7] 高国柱. 中国民用无人机监管制度研究[J]. 北京航空航天大学学报(社会科学版), 2017, 30(5):28-36. Gao Guozhu. Research on China's civil UAS supervision system[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics (Social Science Edition), 2017, 30(5):28-36.
[8] 中华人民共和国工业和信息化部. 关于《无人机制造企业规范条件》的公示[EB/OL]. (2018-11-23)[2018-12-25]. http://www.miit.gov.cn/newweb/n1146295/n1652858/n1653100/n3767755/c6510609/content.html. Ministry of Industry and Information Technology. Notice on "Normative Conditions for Manufacturing Enterprises of UAS"[EB/OL]. (2018-11-23)[2018-12-25]. http://www.miit.gov.cn/newweb/n1146295/n1652858/n1653100/n3767755/c6510609/content.html.
[9] 张圣华. 我国民用无人机管理与法律探讨[J]. 湖北经济学院学报:人文社会科学版, 2018(2):92-94. Zhang Shenghua. Management and legal discussion of civil UAS in China[J]. Journal of Hubei University of Economics:Humanities and Social Sciences Edition, 2018(2):92-94.
[10] 石红梅, 谭晃. 国外无人机监管及反制技术最新发展概况[J]. 中国安防, 2016(4):100-105. Shi Hongmei, Tan Huang. Overview of the latest development of UAS surveillance and countermeasure technology abroad[J]. China Security, 2016(4):100-105.
[11] 常雯, 吴宏建. 无人机监管及建议研究[J]. 电信网技术, 2018(2):28-32. Chang Wen, Wu Hongjian. UAS surveillance and suggestion research[J]. Telecommunication Network Technology, 2018(2):28-32.
[12] ICAO Doc 10019:Manual on Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (RPAS)[A]. 2015-04-29.
[13] ICAO:RPAS Operations Manual[A]. 2017-06-08.
[14] Mike Lissone(JARUS). Joint authorities for rulemaking of unmanned systems[R]. Montreal:ICAO RPAS Symposium, 2017.
[15] Qatar Civil Aviation Regulations:Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS)[A]. 2017-03-31.
[16] IATA:支持ICAO牵头开发的全球无人机注册系统[EB/OL]. (2018-04-20)[2018-12-01]. http://www.cannews.com.cn/2018/0420/174313.shtml. IATA:Global UAS registration system to support ICAO-led development[EB/OL]. (2018-04-20)[2018-12-01]. http://www.cannews.com.cn/2018/0420/174313.shtml.
[17] 国际标准化组织将发布全球无人机行业第一部标准[EB/OL]. (2018-11-28)[2018-12-15]. http://www.ccaonline.cn/news/hot/468795.html. ISO will issue the first global UAS industry standard[EB/OL]. (2018-11-28)[2018-12-15]. http://www.ccaonline.cn/news/hot/468795.html.
[18] 海关总署."无人机" 国际贸易归类为"会飞的照相机"[EB/OL]. (2018-11-05)[2018-12-01]. http://www.customs.gov.cn/customs/302249/302425/2071684/index.html. General Administration of Customs. "UAS" is classified as "flying camera" by international trade[EB/OL]. (2018-11-05)[2018-12-01]. http://www.customs.gov.cn/customs/302249/302425/2071684/index.html.
[19] 薛成俊, 胡方. 盘点他国无人机监管标准[J]. 安全与健康, 2017(6):13-14. Xue Chengjun, Hu Fang. Inventory of other UAS regulatory standards[J]. Safety and Health, 2017(6):13-14.
[20] NPA 2017-05. Introduction of a regulatory framework for the operation of drones:Unmanned aircraft system operations in the open and specific category[A]. EASA:2017-05-01.
[21] Antonio Marchetto (EASA). The European UAS Regulatory Framework[R]. Shenzhen:World UAS Congress, 2018.
[22] 欧盟将建统一民用无人机规则[EB/OL]. (2015-03-03)[2018-12-01]. http://news.carnoc.com/list/308/308888.html. The EU will establish a unified civil UAS rule[EB/OL]. (2015-03-03)[2018-12-01]. http://news.carnoc.com/list/308/308888.html.
[23] Mike Brown(FAA). Status of the regulatory framework[R]. Montreal:Second Global RPAS Symposium, 2017.
[24] 14CFR part 107. Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems[A]. FAA:2016-06-22.
[25] 郑派. 美国新近民用小型无人机管控立法析评[J]. 北京航空航天大学学报:社会科学版, 2017, 30(5):19-27. Zheng Pai. A review of the new legislation on civil small UAS control[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics:Social Science Edition, 2017, 30(5):19-27.
[26] Konstantinos Dalamagkidis. On integrating unmanned aircraft systema into the national airspace system[M]. 2nd ed. Beijing:Aviation Industry Press, 2017:31-33.
[27] 美国无人机融入国家空域十年路, 迈出了关键一步[EB/OL]. (2017-11-08)[2018-12-01]. https://www.sohu.com/a/203059576_99964929. The US UAS has taken a key step in its 10-year integration into national airspace[EB/OL]. (2017-11-08)[2018-12-01]. https://www.sohu.com/a/203059576_99964929.
[28] 韩国发布无人机国家标准[EB/OL]. (2017-01-03)[2018-12-01]. http://www.81uav.cn/uav-news/201701/03/21990.html. Korea released the national standard of UAS[EB/OL]. (2017-01-03)[2018-12-01]. http://www.81uav.cn/uav-news/201701/03/21990.html.
[29] 日本无人机法案正式生效, 城区无人机全面禁飞[EB/OL]. (2015-12-20)[2018-12-01]. http://www.yuchen360.com/news/4071-0-0.html. Japan's UAS Act came into force, with a total ban on flights in urban areas[EB/OL]. (2015-12-20)[2018-12-01]. http://www.yuchen360.com/news/4071-0-0.html.
[30] 印度无人机新规:外籍人员禁飞无人机[EB/OL]. (2018-08-31)[2018-12-01]. http://www.81uav.cn/uav-news/201808/31/41808.html. Indian new regulation:foreigners no-fly UAS[EB/OL]. (2018-08-31)[2018-12-01]. http://www.81uav.cn/uav-news/201808/31/41808.html.
[31] 左荣昌. 国外无人机立法及对中国的启示研究[J]. 齐齐哈尔大学学报:哲学社会科学版, 2018(1):79-83. Zuo Rongchang. Legislation of UAS abroad and Its Enlightenment to China[J]. Journal of Qiqihar University:Philosophical and Social Sciences Edition, 2018(1):79-83.
[32] 张俊杰. 浅议我国民用无人机的立法规制[D]. 北京:中国社会科学院研究生院, 2016. Zhang Junjie. Discussion on the legislative regulation of civil UAS in China[D]. Beijing:Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, 2016.
[33] 魏星, 郭静. 无人机监管技术研究[J]. 科学咨询:科技·管理, 2015(9):40-41. Wei Xing, Guo Jing. Research on UAS supervisory technology[J]. Scientific Consulting:Science and Technology, Management, 2015(9):40-41.
[34] 刘育, 孙见忠, 李航. 民用无人机的监管与规范探讨[J]. 南京航空航天大学学报, 2017(增刊1):158-163. Liu Yu, Sun Jianzhong, Li Hang. Discussion on supervision and regulation of civil UAS[J]. Journal of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2017(Suppl 1):158-163.
[35] 陈建光. 对无人机管控技术的初步探讨[J]. 中国无线电, 2017(8):22-23. Chen Jianguang. Preliminary discussion on UAS control technology[J]. China Radio, 2017(8):22-23.