Active planning intervention techniques for healthy cities： Ascale conversion effect

TAN Shaohua; HE Qixiao; YANG Chun

doi:10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2020.07.005

Science & Technology Review >

2020 , Vol. 38 >Issue 7: 34 - 42

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2020.07.005

Exclusive: Healthy City Planning and Manageme

Active planning intervention techniques for healthy cities： Ascale conversion effect

TAN Shaohua ,
HE Qixiao ,
YANG Chun

Expand

1. School of Architecture & Urban Planning, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China;
2. Key Laboratory of New Technology for Construction of Cities in Mountain Area, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Chongqing 400045, China

Received date: 2020-01-10

Revised date: 2020-03-11

Online published: 2020-05-11

Fold

Abstract

Urbanization has greatly promoted human living environment and quality of life, and also caused many “urban diseases”. Healthycity construction as an effective means to cure “urban disease” has aroused common concern of mankind. This paper focuses on the hierarchical characteristics of the urban complex system and discusses the scale conversion effect of active planning intervention for healthy cities. Three levels have been proposed for the active planning intervention: Macro-scale, medium-scale and micro-scale. At the macro-scalelevelthe planning interventionisto cut off the harmfulsource to formulate disaster prevention and action programs against disasters. At the medium-scalelevelthe planning intervention is to strengthen the ability of self-regulation within the urban system to improve urban air quality, recycle water ecosystems, and mitigate heat island effects. The planning intervention atthe micro-scalelevel is tolead a healthy lifestyle to build a high-quality living environment and comprehensively improve people's health.

Key words： healthy cities; planning intervention; population health; built environment; scale conversion

Cite this article

TAN Shaohua , HE Qixiao , YANG Chun . Active planning intervention techniques for healthy cities： Ascale conversion effect[J]. Science & Technology Review, 2020 , 38(7) : 34 -42 . DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2020.07.005

References

[1] 联合国经社部. 2018年版世界城镇化展望[R]. 纽约:联合国经社部人口司, 2018.
[2] 任玉玉, 任国玉, 张爱英, 等. 城市化对地面气温变化趋势影响研究综述[J]. 地理科学进展, 2010, 29(11):1301-1310.
[3] 人民网.应急管理部:我国自然灾害风险形势严峻须强化综合防范[EB/OL]. (2019-09-18)[2019-12-15]. http://energy.people.com.cn/n1/2019/0918/c71661-31360-854.html.
[4] 中华人民共和国生态环境部. 2018中国环境状况公报[R]. 北京:中华人民共和国生态环境部, 2019.
[5] 国务院发展研究中心和世界银行联合课题组. 中国:推进高效、包容、可持续的城镇化[J]. 管理世界, 2014(4):11-47.
[6] 高德地图. 2018年度中国主要城市交通分析报告[R]. 北京:高德总部, 2019.
[7] 中国科学院. 科技革命与中国的现代化:关于中国面向2050年科技发展战略的思考[M]. 北京:科学出版社, 2009.
[8] Jackson L E. The relationship of urban design to human health and condition[J]. Landscape and Urban Planning, 2003, 64:191-200.
[9] Burke J, O'Campo P, Salmon C, et al. Pathways connecting neighborhood influences and mental well-being:Socioeconomic position and gender differences[J]. Social Science & Medicine, 2009, 68(7):1294-1304.
[10] 中华医学会健康管理分会. 2017中国城镇居民心理健康白皮书[R]. 北京:科技部国家人口与健康科学数据共享服务平台, 2018.
[11] Yang J, José G S, Remais J V, et al. The Tsinghua-Lancet commission on healthy cities in China:Unlocking the power of cities for a healthy China[J]. Lancet, 2018, doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(18)30486-0.
[12] Jackson L E. The relationship of urban design to human health and condition[J]. Landscape and urban planning, 2003, 64(4):191-200.
[13] Hansmann R, Hug S M, Seeland K. Restoration and stress relief through physical activities in forests and parks[J]. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 2007, 6(4):213-225.
[14] 许从宝, 仲德, 李娜. 当代国际健康城市运动基本理论研究纲要[J]. 城市规划, 2005(10):53-60.
[15] 董晶晶, 金广君. 论健康城市空间的双重属性[J]. 城市规划学刊, 2009(4):26-30.
[16] 谭少华, 郭剑锋, 江毅. 人居环境对健康的主动式干预:城市规划学科新趋势[J]. 城市规划学刊, 2010(4):70-74.
[17] 王兰, 廖舒文, 赵晓菁. 健康城市规划路径与要素辨析[J]. 国际城市规划, 2016(4):4-9.
[18] 田莉, 李经纬, 欧阳伟, 等. 城乡规划与公共健康的关系及跨学科研究框架构想[J]. 城市规划学刊, 2016(2):111-116.
[19] 姚亚男, 李树华. 基于公共健康的城市绿色空间相关研究现状[J]. 中国园林, 2018(1):118-124.
[20] 周干峙. 城市及其区域——一个典型的开放的复杂巨系统[J]. 城市规划, 2002(2):7-8.
[21] 俞孔坚, 王思思, 李迪华, 等. 北京市生态安全格局及城市增长预景[J]. 生态学报, 2009(3):1189-1204.
[22] 张翰卿, 戴慎志. 城市安全规划研究综述[J]. 城市规划学刊, 2005(2):42-48.
[23] 王世福, 沈爽婷. 从"三旧改造" 到城市更新——广州市成立城市更新局之思考[J]. 城市规划学刊, 2015(3):22-27.
[24] 郭竞艳. 厦门市历史风貌保护体系构建实践与思考[J]. 城市规划学刊, 2017(5):66-72.
[25] 翟斌庆, 伍美琴. 城市更新理念与中国城市现实[J]. 城市规划学刊, 2009(2):79-86.
[26] 阮梦乔, 翟国方. 日本地域防灾规划的实践及对我国的启示[J]. 国际城市规划, 2011(4):20-25.
[27] 胡月, 张继权, 刘兴朋, 等. 荷兰防洪综合管理体系及经验启示[J]. 国际城市规划, 2011(4):41-45.
[28] 张洋. 土地规划管理与安全城市的构建:美国的经验[J]. 国际城市规划, 2011(4):7-13, 35.
[29] 邵亦文, 徐江. 城市韧性:基于国际文献综述的概念解析[J]. 国际城市规划, 2015(2):52-58.
[30] 李名升, 张建辉, 张殷俊, 等. 近10年中国大气PM₁₀污染时空格局演变[J]. 地理学报, 2013(11):58-66.
[31] 王兰, 赵晓菁, 蒋希冀, 等. 颗粒物分布视角下的健康城市规划研究——理论框架与实证方法[J]. 城市规划, 2016, 40(9):39-48.
[32] 童明坤, 高吉喜, 田美荣, 等. 北京市道路绿地消减PM_2.5总量及其健康效益评估[J]. 中国环境科学, 2015(9):2861-2867.
[33] 李新宇, 赵松婷, 李延明, 等. 北京市不同主干道绿地群落对大气PM_2.5浓度消减作用的影响[J]. 生态环境学报, 2014(4):615-621.
[34] Herrin W E, Amaral M M, Balihuta A M. The relationships between housing quality and occupant health in Uganda[J]. Social Science & Medicine, 2013, 81:115-122.
[35] Dasgupta S, Huq M, Khaliquzzaman, M, et al. Indoor air quality for poor families:New evidence from Bangladesh[J]. Indoor Air, 2006, 16(6):426-444.
[36] 龚晨, 汪新. 建筑布局对住宅小区风环境的影响研究[J]. 建筑科学, 2014, 30(7):6-12.
[37] 王薇, 余庄, 刘琳. 城市住区室外通风与空气负离子浓度评测研究[J]. 城市规划, 2016(12):49-57.
[38] 马子茹, 晁军. 北京地区低层高密度住区的风环境适应性设计——以百万庄小区为例[J]. 建筑节能, 466(4):26-29, 45.
[39] Corcoran E, Nellemann C, Baker E, et al. Sick water? The central role of wastewater management in sustainable development[R]. Norway:United Nations Environment Programme, 2010.
[40] UN-HABITAT. Global atlas of excreta. Wastewater sludge, and biosolids management:moving forward the sustainable andwelcome uses of a global resource[R]. UN-Habitat, Nairobi, 2008.
[41] 李燕群, 何通国, 刘刚, 等. 城市再生水回用现状及利用前景[J]. 资源开发与市场, 2011(12):42-46.
[42] 周军, 王佳伟, 应启锋, 等. 城市污水再生利用现状分析[J]. 给水排水, 2004, 30(2):12-17.
[43] 程国斌, 白青. 我国再生水利用现状与发展趋势[J]. 水处理信息报导, 2006(1):3-6.
[44] 王建龙, 车伍, 易红星. 基于低影响开发的城市雨洪控制与利用方法[J]. 中国给水排水, 2009(14):14-17, 24.
[45] Kovats R S, Hajat S. Heat stress and public health:a critical review[J]. Annual Review of Public Health 2008, 29(1):41-55
[46] Oke T R. The heat island of the urban boundary layer:Characteristics, causes and effects[J]. Wind Climate in Cities, 1995, doi:10.1007/978-94-017-3686-2_5.
[47] 李运远, 张云路, 严庭雯. 城市双修导向下的城市绿道规划方法更新[J]. 中国园林, 2017, 33(12):75-80.
[48] 谭少华, 赵万民. 绿道规划研究进展与展望[J]. 中国园林, 2007, 23(2):85-89.
[49] 方创琳, 祁巍锋. 紧凑城市理念与测度研究进展及思考[J]. 城市规划学刊, 2007(4):65-73.
[50] 韩笋生, 秦波. 借鉴"紧凑城市" 理念, 实现我国城市的可持续发展[J]. 国际城市规划, 2004, 19(6):23-27.
[51] Burton E. The compact city:Just or just compact? A preliminary analysis[J]. Urban Studies, 2000(37):11.
[52] 汪思彤, 杨东峰. 紧凑城市的系统检讨[J]. 城市规划学刊, 2011(6):48-53.
[53] Cervero R, Kockelman K. Travel demand and the 3Ds:Density, diversity, and design[J]. Transportation Research Part D, 1997, 2(3):199-219.
[54] Handy S L, Boarnet M G, Ewing R, Killingsworth R E. How the built environment affects physical activity[J]. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2002, 23(2):64-73.
[55] Pikora T, Giles- Corti B, Bull F, et al. Developing a framework for assessment of the environmental determinants of walking and cycling[J]. Social Science & Medicine, 2003, 56(8):1693-1703.
[56] Frank L D, Andresen M A, Schmid T L. Obesity relationships with community design, physical activity, and time spent in cars[J]. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2004, 27(2):90-96.
[57] Green L W, Kreuter M W, Deeds S G, et al. Health education planning:A diagnostic approach[M]. California:Mayfield Publishing, 1980.
[58] Ramirez L K B, Hoehner C M, Brownson R C, et al. Indicators of activity-friendly communities:An evidencebased consensus process[J]. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2006, 31(6):515-524.
[59] Mass J, Verheij R A. Are health benefits of physical activity in natural environments used in primary care by general practitioners in the Netherlands[J]. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 2007(6):227-233.
[60] Jackson L E. The relationship of urban design to human health and condition[J]. Landscape and Urban Planning, 2003, 64:191-200.
[61] Velarde M D, Fry G, Tveit M. Health effects of viewing landscapes-Landscape types in environmental psychology[J]. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 2007, 6(4):199-212.
[62] 谭少华, 郭剑锋, 赵万民. 城市自然环境缓解精神压力和疲劳恢复研究进展[J]. 地域研究与开发, 2010, 29(4):55-60.
[63] Dinnie E, Brown K M, Morris S. Reprint of "Community, cooperation and conflict:Negotiating the social wellbeing benefits of urban greenspace experiences"[J]. Landscape and Urban Planning, 2013, 118:103-111.
[64] 谭少华, 李进. 城市公共绿地的压力释放与精力恢复功能[J]. 中国园林, 2009, 25(6):79-82.
[65] Joye Y, Willems K, Brengman M, et al. The effects of urban retail greenery on consumer experience:Reviewing the evidence from a restorative perspective[J]. Urban forestry & Uurban Greening, 2010, 9(1):57-64.
[66] 谭少华, 彭慧蕴. 袖珍公园缓解人群精神压力的影响因子研究[J]. 中国园林, 2016, 32(8):65-70.
[67] 何琪潇, 谭少华. 社区公园中自然环境要素的恢复性潜能评价研究[J]. 中国园林, 2019, 35(8):67-71.
[68] 郭庭鸿, 董靓, 刘畅. 健康视角下影响城市游园使用的环境特征识别研究[J]. 中国园林, 2019, 35(11):1-5.

Options

Outlines

Abstract

Cite this article

References

Contact

Visited

模态框（Modal）标题

Abstract

Cite this article

References

Contact

Visited