China is one of the 13 water-scarce countries in the world. The water shortage problem exists not only in the densely populated North China Plain, but also in the northwest desert areas, the southwest karst areas, and even the southeastern region rich in water resources, especially, in poor water areas, distributed with bedrock mountains. There are many ways to solve the bedrock water shortage problems, such as the concentration, the dispersion and the combination. Based on the demonstration project of Xixia Rural Centralized Safe Water Supply in Xingguo County, implemented by the China Geological Survey in 2017 in the move of poverty alleviation in Southern Jiangxi Province, this study adopts the method of the case analysis and the engineering validation, analyzes seven scientific problems of unsafe water in the bedrock mountain areas, that is, how to find water, the drinking water safety of bedrock mountains, the water intake, the water purification, the water storage, the water distribution, the water supply, and the protection of the water. The solutions of the seven scientific problems are found by the innovation of engineering technology and the popularization of drinking water safety knowledge, to serve as a typical demonstration and leading role.