Challenging effects of the disaster prevention and mitigation on the Belt and Road Initiative are analyzed in this paper, including the information sharing and the cooperation mechanisms for disaster reduction, disaster formation mechanism and research and development of disaster control technology, and disaster risk assessment. The reduction of the major disaster risk becomes an imperative requirement in the Belt and Road regions. Many improvements have been made, for instance, in scientific research and capacity of disaster prevention and mitigation, in cooperation in disaster reduction among Belt and Road countries, in comprehensive risk prevention awareness and ability, and in professional talent cultivation. An international collaboration platform of inclusive, sharing, efficient and scientific disaster prevention and mitigation need to be established. Some countermeasures are put forward with respect to the international cooperation in the disaster control, such as improving the disaster prevention and mitigation capacity, the establishment mechanism and pattern, and creating scientific and technological innovation platform. These suggestions and advices concern the intellectual support in the disaster prevention and mitigation in the Belt and Road areas.