Based on the grey system theory, this paper studies unbalanced distribution of regional scientific and technological talents in China and calculates the main factors affecting the unbalanced distribution. On this basis, a grey system prediction model of scientific and technological talents is established to simulate and predict the numbers of regional scientific and technological talents in China. The result shows that the regional difference Matthew effect is obvious, that the siphon effect continues to exist, and that the risk of barrel short board increases. Corresponding countermeasures and suggestions are put forward. The result of the study has certain reference value for controlling the risk of extremely unbalanced distribution of scientific and technological talents in China as well as coordinating regional development
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