The 21st century is the century of the ocean, and the prosperity and the decline of a country are very much related to the ocean. With a review of the marine science and technology policy of the United States since the Cold War, it is found that this policy has the characteristics of systematic coordination, wide coverage and prominent emphasis. In contrast, the development of China's marine science and technology policy and the marine development are not in very good shape, with a decentralized management system, the insufficient innovation and achievement and transformation capacity, with only a single channel of the fund input, the inadequate marine talent training, and the imperfect priority research plan. In order to realize the dream of becoming a powerful ocean country, we should strengthen the ability of the overall planning and the coordination in the policy formulation of the marine science and technology; improve the ability of the independent innovation and the conversion rate of the scientific and technological achievements; pay attention to the establishment of the multi-channel financing mechanism, the lifelong marine education and the high-end talent training; improve the priority research plans and strengthen the marine ecological and environmental protection.