Based on the materials of relevant strategies and research plans, this article analyzes the Arctic research related layouts of the United States, Russia, Canada and the five nordic countries. The characteristics of the Arctic strategies of these countries are summarized as follows:the United States, with its strong observation and research capabilities, plays an important role in the future research and development of the Arctic; Russia actively conducts research and deployment around territories and resources; Canada focuses on management and utilization of polar resources; the five nordic countries seek to stabilize and expand their Arctic interests. Finally, through comprehensive research and analysis, we put forward some suggestions for future Arctic research and cooperation.
WANG Jinping
,
LIU Jiayue
,
LI Yuhang
,
CHEN Liulin
,
WU Xiuping
. Layout of Arctic research of major countries and its enlightenment to China[J]. Science & Technology Review, 2021
, 39(9)
: 9
-16
.
DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2021.09.001
[1] Webster M A, Rigor I G, Nghiem S V, et al. Interdecadal changes in snow depth on Arctic sea ice[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research:Oceans, 2014, doi:10.1002/2014JC009985.
[2] Katherine R B, Christopher R M, Irina O, et al. Mapping the future expansion of Arctic open water[J]. Nature Climate Change, 2016, doi:10.1038/NCLIMATE2848.
[3] Aarhus University. Arctic biodiversity under serious threat from climate change according to new report[EB/OL]. (2014-02-14)[2020-10-04]. https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2014-02/au-abu021214.php.
[4] Miller A W, Ruiz G M. Arctic shipping and marine invaders[J]. Nature Climate Change, 2014, 4:413-416.
[5] National Academy of Sciences. Seasonal to decadal predictions of Arctic sea ice:Challenges and strategies[M]. Washington DC:the National Academy of Sciences, 2012.
[6] Kathleen O. Melting Arctic brings urgent needs and opportunities[EB/OL]. (2014-05-09)[2020-10-04]. https://www.aaas.org/news/melting-arctic-brings-urgent-needsand-opportunities.
[7] National Science and Technology Council. Science for an ocean nation:An update of the ocean research priorities plan[EB/OL]. (2013-02-01)[2020-10-04]. http://www.oceanleadership.org/2013/science-for-an-ocean-nation-update-of-the-ocean-research-priorities-plan.
[8] National Research Council. The Arctic in the anthropoocene:Emergging research questions[EB/OL]. (2014-04-30)[2020-10-04]. http://dels.nas.edu/resources/staticassets/materials-based-on-reports/reports-in-brief/arcticanthropocene-final.pdf.
[9] Congressional Research Service. Changes in the Arctic:Background and issues for congress[R]. Washington DC:Congressional Research Service, 2015.
[10] Carol Lloyd. The promise of US Arctic oil & gas potential[R]. Washington DC:Resources Radio, 2015.
[11] Oxford Institute for Energy Studies. The prospects and challenges for Arctic oil development[EB/OL]. (2014-11-04)[2020-10-04]. http://www.ofordenergy.org/2014/11/prospects-challenges-arctic-oil-development.
[12] National Research Council. Responding to oil spills in the US Arctic marine environment[M]. Washington DC:the National Academy of Sciences, 2014.
[13] Center for Strategic and International Studies. America in the Arctic[EB/OL]. (2015-06-04)[2020-10-04]. http://csis.org/publication/america-arctic.
[14] Department of Energy. US Department of energy announces establishment of office of Arctic energy.[EB/OL]. (2020-09-17)[2020-10-13].https://www.energy.gov/articles/us-department-energy-announces-establishment-office-arctic-energy.
[15] The National Science and Technology Council. Arctic research plan FY2017-2021. (2016-12-15)[2020-10-04]. https://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/microsites/ostp/NSTC/iarpc_arctic_research_plan.pdf.
[16] National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Acquisition and operation of polar icebreakers:Fulfilling the Nation's Needs. (2017-07-25)[2020-10-04]. https://docs.house.gov/meetings/PW/PW07/20170725/106311/HHRG-115-PW07-20170725-SD004.pdf.
[17] National Science & Technology Council. Science and technology for america's oceans:A decadal vision. (2018-11-14)[2020-10-04]. https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Science-and-Technologyfor-Americas-Oceans-A-Decadal-Vision.pdf.
[18] NOAA. NOAA's Arctic Vision and strategy[EB/OL]. (2011-02-04)[2020-10-04]. https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/arctic-zone/docs/NOAAArctic_V_S_2011.pdf.
[19] Whitehouse. Implementation plan for the national strategy for the Arctic region[EB/OL]. (2014-01-29)[2020-10-04]. https://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/docs/implementation_plan_for_the_national_strategy_for_the_arctic_region_-_fi....pdf.
[20] NOAA. NOAA Arctic action plan[EB/OL]. (2016-12-06)[2020-10-04]. http://www.arctic.noaa.gov/NOAAarcticactionplan2014.pdf.
[21] NOAA. US arctic nautical charting plan[EB/OL]. (2016-08-10)[2020-10-04]. http://www.nauticalcharts.noaa.gov/mcddocs/Arctic_Nautical_Charting_Plan.pdf.
[22] NSF. Arctic research opportunities[EB/OL]. (2014-10-21)[2020-10-04]. https://www.nsf.gov/pubs/2014/nsf145-84/nsf14584.htm.
[23] NSF. NSF, National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency support development of new Arctic maps[EB/OL]. (2015-09-02)[2020-10-04]. http://www.nsf.gov/news/news_summ.jsp?cntn_id=136108&org=SF&from=news.
[24] NSF. NSF funds new $5.9 million Arctic data center at the University of California, SantaBarbara[EB/OL]. (2016-03-23)[2020-10-04]. https://www.nsf.gov/news/news_summ.jsp?cntn_id=138066.
[25] 俄罗斯联邦政府. П Л А Н. развития инфраструктуры Северного морского пути на период до 2035года[EB/OL]. (2019-12-31)[2020-10-04]. https://seanews.ru/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/plan-smp.pdf.
[26] 俄罗斯联邦政府. Президент утвердил Основы государственной политики в Арктике[EB/OL]. (2020-03-05)[2020-10-04]. http://www.kremlin.ru/acts/news/62947.
[27] 郭培清, 邹琪. 特朗普政府北极政策的调整[J]. 国际论坛, 2019, 21(4):19-44, 155-156.
[28] Government of Canada. The government of Canada launches co-developed arctic and northern policy framework[EB/OL]. (2019-09-10)[2020-11-07]. https://www.rcaanc-cirnac.gc.ca/eng/1560523306861/156052333058-7.
[29] CSIS. The New Ice Curtain:Russia's strategic reach to the Arctic[EB/OL]. (2015-08-27)[2020-10-04]. http://csis.org/publication/new-ice-curtain.
[30] 张文木. 21世纪气候变化与中国国家安全[J]. 太平洋学报, 2016, 24(12):51-63.
[31] Stockholm Environment Institute. Arctic Resilience Report 2016[EB/OL]. (2016-11-25)[2020-10-04]. https://www.sei-international.org/mediamanager/documents/Publications/ArcticResilienceReport-2016.pdf.
[32] 孙凯, 吴昊. 芬兰北极政策的战略规划与未来走向[J]. 国际论坛, 2017, 19(4):19-23, 79.
[33] 钱婧, 朱新光. 冰岛北极政策研究[J]. 国际论坛, 2015, 17(3):58-64, 81.
[34] 曹升生. 丹麦的北极战略[J]. 江南社会学院学报, 2011, 13(2):32-35.
