As the global science and technology innovation has entered a period of unprecedented activity, the importance of the S&T societies becomes increasingly apparent. With the momentum of the national efforts to promote the development of science and technology, it is important for Chinese S&T societies to expand their international perspective and to better appreciate the overall situation of the global S&T societies. This paper takes the world's top S&T societies as an example, traces and analyzes the professional development dynamics of the advanced international S&T societies, and reviews the development of the world's top S&T societies, to provide a benchmark for deepening the governance reform of Chinese S&T societies, and to further strengthen the vitality and the creativity of Chinese S&T societies. The conclusions are as follows:(1) the domestic S&T societies emphasize the party leadership and the institutional strengths that reflect a strong cohesion; (2) foreign S&T societies are better at aggregating public resources and transforming new knowledge into usable products and services, promoting the integration of science and technology with the economy, the innovation chain and the industrial chain; (3) foreign S&T societies are good at making their voices heard in a variety of ways, giving a full play of their role as a think tank for policy makers and decision makers. (4) Substantive activities in the global S&T governance should be led by large international S&T associations. Chinese S&T societies need to pay attention to the construction of policy-making advisory think tanks, provide technical support for major government decisions, improve academic exchange platforms, create a good ecology conducive for the S&T workers to contribute their wisdom to the economic integration of the S&T, and promote mutually beneficial and shared international S&T exchanges and cooperations.