After the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed the strategy of building a maritime power, it is an important task of the new era to accelerate the building of a maritime power. The innovation and the development of the marine science and technology are an important strategic measure to accelerate the construction of a maritime power. Based on the review of the history and the major events of China's Marine Science and technology innovation and development since the founding of the People's Republic of China, this paper analyzes the experience and the existing problems of China's Marine Science and technology innovation and development, and puts forward countermeasures and suggestions for further development of the marine science and technology innovation and the innovation driven development. After 70 years of China's rapid development of marine science and technology, the level of the continuous improvement has become an important driving force to guide and promote the construction of a maritime power. In the new era, the development of China's marine science and technology should remain in the core of innovation, and focus on three aspects:The construction of a talent team; strengthening the top-level design; and the leading role of the government.