This paper first clarifies the question of what is the strategy of science and technology in the conceptual connotation, and then expounds the task and the mission of the strategic scientist from the angle of the generation and the realization of the task goal in science and technology, and analyzes the scientific attributes, the strategic properties and the personality characteristics that make a strategic scientist. It is emphasized that in the specific historical period, the whole nation system of science and technology is the place where the strategic scientists are engaged, and they are the key minority for the national safety of science and technology in their talent net-chain. The paper also points out that the strategic scientists and the executive leaders of science and technology are different, and that the cultivation of strategic scientists is not the same as training of executive leaders of science and technology:the difference of "cultivation" and "training" lies in providing a good environment for scientists to become strategic scientists. The paper also points out that, unlike the engineering application in a great demand from the country, a great scientist who has made a great scientific contribution in pure basic research is the real strategic scientist. Based on the understanding and the sublimation of the above concepts, this paper defines and subdivides the types of strategic scientists, and accordingly offers my personal opinions on how to cultivate strategic scientists in China at the present stage.
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