The 10 years since the 18th National Congress of CPC have been the decade in which China successfully implemented the innovation-driven development strategy and promoted China's S&T innovation cause to achieve a historic leap. This paper briefly reviews the history and achievements of China's S&T since the 18th National Congress of CPC from the aspects of S&T ideology, reform practice and innovation effect. This paper concludes that since the 18th National Congress of CPC, China has undergone systematic changes in S&T ideas, innovation-driven development strategies, and S&T system reforms, which have promoted China's investment in S&T resources, basic research, technological innovation, industrial competitiveness, and innovation vitality. Great progress has been made in all aspects and China has initially entered the ranks of the world's innovative countries. Finally, the goal of promoting China to become the world science and technology center as soon as possible is prospected, and five policy suggestions are put forward.