Biophilic city is an international frontier urban development model and planning concept, which can effectively solve the urban ecological problems under the background of rapid urbanization and high-density development, and make the city, humans, and nature live together harmoniously. Singapore is one of the leading and prominent practitioners of biophilic city planning and construction in the world. The planning experience is summarized from the aspects of city, community, and architecture:focusing on the construction of an urban ecological space system and developing a multi-functional green network; building multi-theme community gardens and promoting community participation; attaching great importance to the construction of urban aerial greening and creating a green urban landscape. In addition, it summarizes its innovative policies and mechanisms from the aspects of management organization, planning policy, evaluation system, public participation, and ecological accountability. On this basis, this paper puts forward the reference and inspiration for the development, planning, and construction of biophilic cities in China.
YANG Wenyue
,
QIU Yuxin
. The experience of biophilic city planning and construction in Singapore[J]. Science & Technology Review, 2022
, 40(22)
: 33
-42
.
DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2022.22.004
[1] Gainsbury A M, Santos E G, Wiederhecker H. Does urbanization impact terrestrial vertebrate ectotherms across a biodiversity hotspot[J]. Science of The Total Environment, 2022, 835:155446.
[2] 韩林飞, 李响. 健康城市与完善的城市生态规划策略探析[J]. 科技导报, 2020, 38(7):26-33.
[3] 李双成, 赵志强, 王仰麟. 中国城市化过程及其资源与生态环境效应机制[J]. 地理科学进展, 2009, 28(1):63-70.
[4] Ives C D, Abson D J, von Wehrden H, et al. Reconnecting with nature for sustainability[J]. Sustainability Science, 2018, 13(5):1389-1397.
[5] 杨文越, 李昕, 叶昌东. 城市绿地系统规划评价指标体系构建研究[J]. 规划师, 2019, 35(9):71-76.
[6] Aerts R, Honnay O, Van Nieuwenhuyse A. Biodiversity and human health:Mechanisms and evidence of the positive health effects of diversity in nature and green spaces[J]. British Medical Bulletin, 2018, 127(1):5-22.
[7] Lachowycz K, Jones A P. Towards a better understanding of the relationship between greenspace and health:Development of a theoretical framework[J]. Landscape and Urban Planning, 2013, 118:62-69.
[8] Lee S, Kim Y. A framework of biophilic urbanism for improving climate change adaptability in urban environments[J]. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 2021, 61:127104.
[9] Singapore a city in a garden:A model for creating an integrated urban green walking network[EB/OL]. (2020-10-01)[2022-02-26]. https://naturalwalkingcities.com/singapore-a-city-in-a-garden-a-model-for-creating-an-integrated-urban-green-walking-network.
[10] Wilson E O. Biophilia[M]. Cambridg:Harvard University Press, 1984.
[11] Kellert S R. Nature by design:The practice of biophilic design[M]. New Haven:Yale University Press, 2018.
[12] Panlasigui S, Spotswood E, Beller E, et al. Biophilia beyond the building:Applying the tools of urban biodiversity planning to create biophilic cities[J]. Sustainability, 2021, 13(5):2450.
[13] Beatley T. Biophilic cities:Integrating nature into urban design and planning[M]. Washington:Island Press, 2010.
[14] Xue F, Gou Z, Lau S, et al. From biophilic design to biophilic urbanism:Stakeholder? perspectives[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2019, 211:1444-1452.
[15] Newman P. Biophilic urbanism:A case study on Singapore[J]. Australian Planner, 2014, 51:47-65.
[16] 李煜珊, 欧阳志云. 应重视城市绿地的生态功能研究[J]. 科技导报, 2013, 31(21):11.
[17] Tan K W. A greenway network for Singapore[J]. Landscape and Urban Planning, 2006, 76(1/2/3/4):45-66.
[18] Ministry of the Environment And Water Resources. The Singapore Green Plan 2012(SGP 2012)[M]. Singapore:Singapore Government, 2002.
[19] Jland R N W. Singapore:A city in a garden:Enhancing greenery and biodiversity[EB/OL]. (2014-05-30)[2022-02-27]. https://www.cbd.int/doc/meetings/city/subws-2014-01/other/subws-2014-01-presentation-singaporeen.pdf.
[20] Singapore National Parks Board. Nature park network & nature corridors[EB/OL]. (2022-03-12)[2022-03-24]. https://www.nparks.gov.sg/gardens-parks-and-nature/nature-park-network.
[21] Er K. Growing a biophilic city in a garden[J]. Etho, 2018(19):98-113.
[22] Singapore National Parks Board[EB/OL].[2022-03-29]. https://www.nparks.gov.sg.
[23] A handbook on developing sustainable highrise garden[EB/OL].[2022-03-28]. https://www.nparks.gov.sg/-/media/srg/files/handbook-1.pdf.
[24] Singapore Urban Redevelopment Authority. Guidelines for landscape replacement areas within new developments in (Part) Downtown Core, (Part) Straits View, (Part) Kallang and (Part) Jurong East Planning Areas[EB/OL].[2022-05-08]. https://www.ura.gov.sg/Corporate/Guidelines/Circulars/dc09-09.
[25] Singapore Urban Redevelopment Authority. Updates to the Landscaping for Urban Spaces and High-Rises (LUSH) Programme:LUSH 3.0[EB/OL]. (2017-11-09)[2022-03-24]. https://www.ura.gov.sg/Corporate/Guidelines/Circulars/dc17-06.
[26] Kishnani N. Biophilic design in urban architecture:The Oasia Hotel in Singapore[EB/OL]. (2018-06-22)[2022-02-13]. https://blog.interface.com/biophilic-design-oasia-hotel/.
[27] Chan L, Hillel O, Elmqvist T, et al. User's manual on the Singapore index on cities' biodiversity (also known as the city biodiversity index)[M]. Singapore:National Parks Board, 2014.
