As a non-carbon clean energy, geothermal energy plays an important role in promoting the development goals of carbon peak and carbon neutrality due to its advantages of stable and continuous supply. The utilization of geothermal energy is generally divided into geothermal power generation, geothermal direct utilization and geothermal energy storage. Since 2010, global geothermal direct utilization has grown exponentially, with the installed capacity of geothermal direct utilization and annual heat utilization of about 108 GWt and 283,580 GWh, respectively. China has long ranked first in the world in terms of geothermal direct utilization. The geothermal heat pump system shows an exponential growth of about 16% every year, and the geothermal heat pump system accounts for about 72% and 60% of the installed capacity and heat utilization of the global direct utilization of geothermal heat, respectively. The average annual growth rate of geothermal power generation from 2010 to 2020 is about 4% restricted by high-temperature geothermal resources. Geothermal energy storage is the frontier field of geothermal utilization. Europe and the United States have deployed the "HEATSTORE" and "Geothermal Battery" energy storage projects respectively. The geothermal energy storage project deployed by the Geothermal Team of the Chinese Academy of Sciences has also entered the stage of key technology research and demonstration projects construction. As a huge natural energy storage, geothermal storage is the most suitable basis for storing energy and realizing a stable supply of thermal energy in a multi-energy complementary system. It can save other energy sources across seasons, realize efficient and large-scale energy storage across seasons, and improve energy utilization efficiency. Therefore, it can help achieve the development goals of carbon peak and carbon neutrality.
WANG Jiyang
,
PANG Zhonghe
,
CHENG Yuanzhi
,
HUANG Yonghui
,
JIANG Guangzheng
,
LU Zhenneng
,
KONG Yanlong
. Current state, utilization and prospective of global geothermal energy[J]. Science & Technology Review, 2023
, 41(12)
: 5
-11
.
DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2023.12.001
[1] International Renewable Energy Agency. Renewable power generation costs in 2021[R]. Abu Dhabi: IRENA, 2022.
[2] Lund J W, Toth A N. Direct utilization of geothermal energy 2020 worldwide review[J]. Geothermics, 2021, 90: 101915.
[3] Huttrer G W. Geothermal power generation in the world 2015-2020 update report[C]//Proceedings World Geothermal Congress. Reykjavik, Iceland: WGC, 2020.
[4] 汪集暘, 等 . 地热学及其应用[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2015: 258-261.
[5] 邱楠生, 胡圣标, 何丽娟. 沉积盆地地热学[M]. 东营: 中国石油大学出版社, 2019.
[6] Hasterok D, Halpin J A, Collins A S, et al. New maps of global geological provinces and tectonic plates[J]. Earth-Science Reviews, 2022, 231: 104069.
[7] O'Gorman E J, Benstead J P, Cross W F, et al. Climate change and geothermal ecosystems: Natural laboratories, sentinel systems, and future refugia[J]. Global change biology, 2014, 20(11): 3291-3299.
[8] Hammons T J. Geothermal power generation worldwide: Global perspective, technology, field experience, and research and development[J]. Electric Power Components and Systems, 2004, 32(5): 529-553.
[9] 马伟斌, 龚宇烈, 赵黛青, 等. 我国地热能开发利用现状与发展[J]. 中国科学院院刊, 2016, 31(2): 199-207.
[10] John N, Jalilinasrabady S. Considering future feasible agricultural projects for direct use of geothermal energy at Eburru geothermal field[C]//Geothermal Resources Council Virtual Annual Meeting and Expo: Clean, Renewable and Always on, GRC 2020. Geothermal Resources Council, 2020: 268-283.
[11] 汪集暘“. 地球充电/热宝”: 一种地热开发利用的新途径[J]. 科技导报, 2018, 36(24): 1.
[12] 黄永辉, 庞忠和, 程远志, 等 . 深层含水层地下储热技术的发展现状与展望[J]. 地学前缘, 2020, 27(1): 17-24.
[13] Paksoy H Ö, Beyhan B. Thermal energy storage (TES) systems for greenhouse technology[C]//Advances in thermal energy storage systems. Duxford, United Kingdom: Woodhead Publishing, 2015: 533-548.
[14] Drenkelfort G, Kieseler S, Pasemann A, et al. Aquifer thermal energy storages as a cooling option for German data centers[J]. Energy Efficiency, 2015, 8(2): 385-402.
[15] Mindel J, Driesner T. Heatstore: Preliminary design of a high temperature aquifer thermal energy storage (HT-ATES) system in Geneva based on TH simulations[C]//World Geothermal Congress. Reykjavik, Iceland: WGC, 2020.
[16] Green S, McLennan J, Panja P, et al. Geothermal battery energy storage[J]. Renewable Energy, 2021, 164: 777-790.
[17] Huang Y, Pang Z, Kong Y, et al. Assessment of the high-temperature aquifer thermal energy storage (HT-ATES) potential in naturally fractured geothermal reservoirs with a stochastic discrete fracture network model[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2021, 603: 127188.
[18] Fleuchaus P, Godschalk B, Stober I, et al. Worldwide application of aquifer thermal energy storage-A review[J].Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2018, 94: 861-876.
[19] Blum P, Campillo G, Münch W, et al. CO2 savings of ground source heat pump systems: A regional analysis[J]. Renewable Energy, 2010, 35(1): 122-127.
[20] Paul F , Bas G , Ingrid S, et al. Worldwide application of aquifer thermal energy storage: A review[J]. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2018, 94: 861-876.
[21] Ghaebi H, Bahadori M N, Saidi M H. Economic and environmental evaluation of different operation alternatives to aquifer thermal energy storage in Tehran, Iran[J]. Scientia Iranica. Transaction B, Mechanical Engineering, 2017, 24(2): 610.
