Ensuring food security is the basic guarantee and necessary requirement for Chinese modernization. This article analyses the intrinsic connection between Chinese modernization and food security: food security in China is an important foundation for more than 1.4 billion people to be well-fed and well-eaten, an integral part of realizing the common prosperity of the entire population, an important prerequisite for the satisfaction of material civilization and then for the pursuit of spiritual civilization, a product of the harmonious coexistence of human beings and nature, and an important guarantee of world peace and development. The article then reviews the practical history of food security with the Chinese path to modernization, and finds that China has realized the transformations from "not having enough to eat" to "eating well", from "relying on production areas" to "relying on the whole country", from "food sufficiency" to "spiritual abundance", from "focusing on output" to "focusing on greenness", and from "passive participation" to "proactive construction", and has stepped out of a path of food security in line with Chinese characteristics. In the future, China should promote the transformation of food security from quantitative security to quality and capacity security, improve the mechanism for guaranteeing the income of grain farmers and the compensation mechanism for the benefits of the main production areas, promote the coordinated development of material and spiritual civilization in the countryside, accelerate the construction of a diversified food supply system based on the concept of the "the greater food approach", and actively participate in the international cooperation on food security and the global governance of food security, in order to effectively improve the level of food security.