This paper initially reviews the development of deep-sea archaeology abroad and in China respectively. The deep-sea archaeological surveys in the waters of Bei Jiao (north reef) of Xisha islands in April 2018, in the Xisha trough in August 2022 and two shipwrecks in the northwest continental slope of the South China Sea in May 2023 represent the three development stages of China's deep-sea archaeology, which are a breakthrough from zero, the discovery of sunken relics, and then the major discovery of ancient shipwrecks. The application of China's deep-sea science and technology in the field of humanities has made China one of the best in the world in deep-sea archaeology rapidly. Three suggestions are put forward: first, to complete the archaeological investigation and comprehensive assessment of shipwrecks No. 1 and No. 2 on the northwest continental slope of the South China Sea as soon as possible. It will provide important basis for the subsequent research, protection, interpretation and utilization of the wreck sites; second, based on the preliminarily formed deep-sea archaeological investigation techniques, methods and processes, planned and targeted systematic regional investigations shall be conducted in the future in the waters around the reefs with abundant underwater cultural relics discovered and the ancient important shipping route nodes; third, reference to the No. 1 and No. 2 shipwreck sites on the northwest continental slope of the South China Sea, further research and development of special technologies and equipment for deep-sea archaeology should be carried out.
[1] Clarkson C, Jacobs Z, Marwick B, et al. Human occupation of northern Australia by 65, 000 years ago[J]. Nature, 2017, 547(7663): 306-310.
[2] 浙江省文物考古研究所. 跨湖桥[M]. 北京: 文物出版社, 2004: 50.
[3] 国家文物局. 海上丝绸之路[M]. 北京: 文物出版社, 2014.
[4] 宋建忠. 水下考古与中国行动[J]. 文物天地, 2022(5): 113-117.
[5] 张威. 绥中三道岗元代沉船[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2001.
[6] 国家文物局水下文化遗产保护中心. 南海I号沉船考古报告之一: 1989—2004年调查[M]. 北京: 文物出版社, 2017.
[7] 广东省文物考古研究所, 广东省博物馆, 国家文物局水下文化遗产保护中心. 孤帆遗珍:“南澳Ⅰ号”出水精品文物图录[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2014.
[8] 长江口二号古船整体迁移工程驶入“快车道”[EB/OL]. (2022-07-19) [2024-03-10]. http://www.ncha.gov.cn/art/2022/7/19/art_722_175860.html.
[9] 张荣华, 李新正, 李安春, 等. 海洋学导论[M]. 北京: 电子工业出版社, 2017: 351-354.
[10] Bass G F. Underwater archaeology[M]. New York: Praeger, 1966.
[11] George F B. The ASHERAH: A submarine for archaeology[J]. Archaeology, 1965, 18(1): 7-17.
[12] 丁见祥. 大海寻踪: 深海考古的发生与发展[J]. 中国文化遗产, 2019(5): 4-12.
[13] Ludvigsen M, Soreide F. Data fusion on the Ormen Lange shipwreck project[C]//Proceedings of OCEANS 2006. Piscataway, NJ: IEEE, 2006: 1-6.
[14] Søreide F, Jasinski M E. Ormen Lange, norway-the deepest dig[J]. International Journal of Nautical Archaeology, 2008, 37(2): 380-384.
[15] Michel L' Hour. 开创深海考古新模式——月亮号沉船发掘[M]. 水下考古(第一辑）. 上海: 上海古籍出版社, 2017: 83-98..
[16] Michel J L, Ballard R D. The RMS Titanic 1985 discovery expedition[C]//Proceedings of OCEANS'94. Piscataway, NJ: IEEE, 1994(3): 132-137.
[17] Holden C. Americans and French find the Titanic[J]. Science, 1985, 229(4720): 1368-1369.
[18] 美国 深海 潜水 器发 生内 爆5 名乘 员死 亡[EB/OL]. (2023-06-23) [2024-03-10]. http://www.xinhuanet.com/photo/2023-06/23/c_1129713059_2.htm.
[19] 黑海海底惊现世界最古老完整沉船已沉睡2400年 [EB/OL]. (2018-10-25) [2024-03-10]. https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1615272889104297937&wfr=spider&for=pc.
[20] 美媒报道: 南极“坚忍”号沉船被找到[EB/OL]. (2022-03-26) [2024-03-10]. https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1728296836543494355&wfr=spider&for=pc.
[21] 广东省博物馆. 西沙文物[M]. 北京: 文物出版社, 1975.
[22] 广东省博物馆. 广东省西沙群岛文物调查简报[J]. 文物, 1974(10): 1-29.
[23] 广东省博物馆, 广东省海南行政区文化局. 广东省西沙群岛第二次文物调查简报[J]. 文物, 1976(9): 9-27.
[24] 2018年南海海域深海考古队. 二〇一八年南海海域深海考古调查与思考[N]. 中国文物报, 2018-08-10(5).
[25] 韩建辉, 王英民. 南海西北部陆坡形成、演化及油气成藏条件[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2016: 11.
[26] 王海荣, 王英民, 邱燕, 等. 南海北部陆坡的地貌形态及其控制因素[J]. 海洋学报(中文版), 2008, 30(2): 70-79.
