Oxidative stress is an important mechanism of cell aging and injury, and extensive exercise can cause oxidative stress damage to cells of multiple systems/organs in body. Probiotic supplements have many biological functions, such as antioxidant and immune regulation. This study focuses on high-level athletes, aiming to clarify the protective effect of probiotic supplements on exercise-related oxidative stress damage, by analyzing the impact of probiotic supplements on oxidative stress, inflammation levels, and immune state. Oxidative stress indicators are serum malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH), and total antioxidant capacity (TAOC); Inflammatory markers include serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF)-α, and the level of interleukin-6 (IL-6); Immune indicators include peripheral blood CD4+, CD8+, and CD4+CD25+T cell counts. The results showed that probiotic supplements can increase the levels of SOD, GSH, TAOC, CD4+CD25+T cell counts, and reduce the levels of MDA, TNF-α, CD4+, and CD8+ cell counts, indicating that probiotic supplements can improve the oxidative stress and inflammation caused by extensive exercise, and improve immune regulatory functions.
[1] Wang Y, Wu Y P, Wang Y Y, et al. Antioxidant properties of probiotic bacteria[J]. Nutrients, 2017, 9(5): 521.
[2] Ding Y, Xie L, Chang C Q, et al. Activation of γ-aminobutyric acid (A) receptor protects hippocampus from intense exercise-induced synapses damage and apoptosis in rats[J]. Chinese Medical Journal, 2015, 128(17): 2330-2339.
[3] Zhou X, Yi L, Lang H D, et al. Dihydromyricetin-encapsulated liposomes inhibit exhaustive exercise-induced liver inflammation by orchestrating M1/M2 macrophage polarization[J]. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 2022, 13: 887263.
[4] Mizokami T, Shimada M, Suzuki K. Neutrophil depletion attenuates acute renal injury after exhaustive exercise in mice[J]. Experimental Physiology, 2024, 109(4): 588-599.
[5] de Lima F R, Marin D P, Ferreira L T, et al. Effect of resistance training with total and partial blood flow restriction on biomarkers of oxidative stress and apoptosis in untrained men[J]. Frontiers in Physiology, 2021, 12: 720773.
[6] 陈俊飞, 陈健豪, 曹佩江. 益生菌补充剂与人体免疫调节功能[J]. 科技导报, 2023, 41(23): 14-19.
[7] Tang C, Lu Z X. Health promoting activities of probiotics [J]. Journal of Food Biochemistry, 2019, 43(8): e12944.
[8] 宋琪, 夏木西卡玛尔·阿不都呼甫尔, 杨丽斌. 还原型谷胱甘肽联合益生菌辅助治疗对2型糖尿病患者糖脂代谢、炎症以及氧化应激指标的影响[J]. 国际检验医学杂志, 2024, 45(5): 539-543, 548.
[9] 梁芳娟, 焦蕾蕾, 刘梦云. 益生菌补充剂对妊娠糖尿病患者炎症和氧化应激生物标志物的影响[J]. 海南医学, 2022, 33(6): 754-757.
[10] 郦银芳, 孔霞, 吴红梅. 益生菌对过敏性哮喘患儿炎症因子及氧化应激标志物的影响[J]. 儿科药学杂志, 2023, 29(10): 45-48.
[11] 李欣益, 刘春妍, 黄建, 等. 益生菌V9对高脂饮食诱导的NAFLD大鼠肝功能、氧化应激及脂代谢的影响及作用机制[J]. 中国免疫学杂志, 2019, 35(23): 2822-2826.
[12] Schieber M, Chandel N S. ROS function in redox signaling and oxidative stress[J]. Current Biology, 2014, 24(10): R453-R462.
[13] Martarelli D, Verdenelli M C, Scuri S, et al. Effect of a probiotic intake on oxidant and antioxidant parameters in plasma of athletes during intense exercise training[J]. Current Microbiology, 2011, 62(6): 1689-1696.
[14] Kullisaar T, Zilmer M, Mikelsaar M, et al. Two antioxidative lactobacilli strains as promising probiotics[J]. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 2002, 72(3): 215-224.
[15] Ahire J J, Mokashe N U, Patil H J, et al. Antioxidative potential of folate producing probiotic Lactobacillus helveticus CD6[J]. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 2013, 50(1): 26-34.
[16] Gao D W, Gao Z R, Zhu G H. Antioxidant effects of Lactobacillus plantarum via activation of transcription factor Nrf2[J]. Food & Function, 2013, 4(6): 982-989.
[17] 刘海明. 益生菌补充干预运动员竞技运动表现的研究进展[J]. 山东体育学院学报, 2021, 37(5): 83-90.
[18] Dupuy O, Douzi W, Theurot D, et al. An evidencebased approach for choosing post-exercise recovery techniques to reduce markers of muscle damage, soreness, fatigue, and inflammation: A systematic review with meta-analysis[J]. Frontiers in Physiology, 2018, 9: 403.
[19] Huang W C, Wei C C, Huang C C, et al. The beneficial effects of Lactobacillus plantarum PS128 on high-intensity, exercise-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and performance in triathletes[J]. Nutrients, 2019, 11(2): 353.
[20] Lamprecht M, Bogner S, Schippinger G, et al. Probiotic supplementation affects markers of intestinal barrier, oxidation, and inflammation in trained men; a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial[J]. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 2012, 9(1): 45.
[21] Mazani M, Nemati A, Amani M, et al. The effect of probiotic yoghurt consumption on oxidative stress and inflammatory factors in young females after exhaustive exercise[J]. JPMA the Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 2018, 68(12): 1748-1754.
[22] 赵琦韬, 沈续航, 沈继龙, 等. 新冠肺炎患者肠道菌群变化的研究进展[J]. 中国病原生物学杂志, 2021, 16(12): 1480-1484.
[23] Vaisberg M, Paixão V, Almeida E B, et al. Daily intake of fermented milk containing Lactobacillus casei shirota (lcs) modulates systemic and upper airways immune/inflammatory responses in marathon runners[J]. Nutrients, 2019, 11(7): 1678.
[24] Gill S K, Allerton D M, Ansley-Robson P, et al. Does short-term high dose probiotic supplementation containing Lactobacillus casei attenuate exertional-heat stress induced endotoxaemia and cytokinaemia?[J]. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 2016, 26(3): 268-275.
[25] Gill S K, Teixeira A M, Rosado F, et al. High-dose probiotic supplementation containing Lactobacillus casei for 7 days does not enhance salivary antimicrobial protein responses to exertional heat stress compared with placebo[J]. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 2016, 26(2): 150-160.
[26] Marshall H, Chrismas B C R, Suckling C A, et al. Chronic probiotic supplementation with or without glutamine does not influence the eHsp72 response to a multiday ultra-endurance exercise event[J]. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism = Physiologie Appliquee, Nutrition et Metabolisme, 2017, 42(8): 876-883.
