In this paper, the detonation driven process of reactive fragment is studied. The priming of the donor explosive, the spread of detonation wave, the effect of protective materials and the driven process of the fragment are simulated by AUTODYN-3D finite element analysis software. Based on the characteristics of the fragment warhead, a mathematical model is proposed for the relationship between the initial velocity and the structural parameters of fragment projectile including the high explosive charge, explosion-interrupted material, fragments and other components. Based on a study of the attenuation law of the shock wave in different media, the explosion driving process of three typical materials is mainly analyzed. The results show that the shock load in the energetic fragment is significantly decreased by using the interrupted material to ensure no break and reaction in energetic fragments. Through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, the influence of the shock wave attenuation of the interrupted material on the initial velocity of the energetic fragment is analyzed. A comparison between the theoretical model and the numerical simulation is made. The results provide some insight for the design of the energetic fragment warhead.